Culture Systems Of Chinese Fir Plantation For Sustainable Management

Cultural system is the important guarantee of forest sustainable management,constructing scientific and rational cultural system can make artificial forest sustainable management in terms of economy,sooiety and ecological benefit.so the study of theory with practice of Chinese-fir cultural system has the important realisitic meaning in artificial forest sustainable management and sustainable use of woodland.In the paper the main problem and the challenge of sustainable management in Chinese-fir forest cultivation,the effect of cultural system in Chinese-fir artificial forest sustainable management,the reseach progress of Chinese-fir forest cultural system were reviewed.and proposed Chinese-fir forest cultural system theory framework in term of artificial forest sustainable management.Analysing cultivation forest process using system theory,Chinese-fir cultivation basic links were reviewed from Chinese-fir growth and development,structural allocation and fertility maintaining.System essential of Chinese-fir artificial forest cultivation process was analysed,also the relationship among cultural system,forest ecosystem control and management were reviewed.the study showed that the target of Chinese-fir cultural system was not only the forest tree,but the unified whole from the wood and the soil to the climate.Chinese-fir cultural system has the features of functional integrity, diversity of type,high efficiency of control and dynamics of development.Its construction must follow the principle of local conditions,combination of land use with land cultivation and consideration of multiple benefits.according to artificial open system,multiple adaptation,structure coordination,regional variance and sustainable development.only this can reach the objective demand of forest sustainable management for Chinese-fir cultural system..developing artificial forest reasonable layout by Chinese-fir cultural system to create good growing environment for forest,and to maintain reasonable forest population structure,and sustainable land capacity.This study choose jian'ou city of fujian province as study region,and different culture systems of Chinese fir in jian'ou city as research objects.First,through investigating,choose suitable forest land as research object,and investigate the basic conditions of different kinds of system type,measure growth status of stands under different system type,take the soil back to lab to test nutrients and analysis.Evaluate the comprehensive benefit of different culture systems by using multi-objective decision-making method,and choose the best culture system type to provide scientific basis for chinese fir plantation ecosystem and construction of sustainable management and technology system in this region.The main results as follows:1:The growth of diameter at breast height,tree height,crown width and stem volume of Chinese fir in the mixed stands are better than those of in the pure Chinese fir.The mixed of Chinese fir and Schimacrenata,Chinese fir and Michelia macclurel,Chinese fir and Mytilaria laosensis have a larger improvement to the growth of diameter at breast height,tree height,crown width and stem volume of Chinese fir;The growth benefit exit significantly increase of Chinese fir under rotation system.Evaluate and choose the best system for stands growth benefit by using multi-objective decision method,we found the growth benefit of the stands of second generation of mixed forest of Chinese fir is better than that of the stands of rotation,that can be arranged as follows:Mixed of Chinese fir and Schimacrenata>mixed of Chinese fir and Mytilaria laosensis >mixed of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurel>pure forest of Masson pine>mixed of Chinese fir and Liquidamba formosana Hance>pure forest of Liquidamba formosana Hance>pure forest of Schimacrenata>pure forest of Chinese fir.2:Compared with pure forest of Chinese fir,soil moisture and physical properties in the mix forest of Chinesefir and various tree species and pure forest of rotative of broadleaved tree has improved in different degrees,mixed forest of Chinese fir and Sweet gum has the best water conservation effect.that because of mixe forest has more complex spatial structure and spatial level than pure forest,and mixed has a large amount of litters which contains rich nutrient elements.By analyzing physical properties of soil of pure forest and mixed forest in the lab,we kan found significantly that:soil moisture capacity,pore status and ventilation degree of soil in the forest land of mixed forest ect.are better than those in the pure forest of Chinese fir.Shows that the mixed of Chinese fir and broadleaved trees can significantly improve the soil physical properities,and keep good aggregate structure of the soil,improve ventilation,permeability and water retention of soil in a equivalent degree.Due to a large amount of deciduous,make against the activities of the microorganism and animals,that act on loosening of soil and formation good soil structures.Pure forest of Chinese fir under rotation has the best water conservation benefit,that because rotative broadleaved trees have a strong ability to return nutritions,and that illustrate mixed forest of Chinese fir and rotation of broadleaved trees are effective ways of improving satnd structures and overcoming soil degradation.But it still need deeper research on choice of the mixed trees,way of mixed,ratio of the mixed trees,relationship between trees and the regulation of the relationship,cutting methods and regeneration methods,conclude practical experience in time,and study on the new culture system.Making chioces and selections of hydro-physical property of forest land by multi-objective decision,we found sequence as follows:Mixed forest of Chinese fir and Liquidamba formosana Hance>mixed forest of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurel> mixed forest of Chinese fir and Schimacrenata>pure forest of Schimacrenata>pure forest of Liquidamba formosana Hance > mixed forest of Chinese fir and Mytilaria laosensis>pure forest of Chinese fir>pure forest of Masson pine.3.By analyzing the nutrition conditions of soil of several culture systems of Chinese fir,we can conclude that,mixed forest of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurel has the best fertility betterment,secondly is mixed forest of Chinese fir and Mytilaria laosensis,and because of the very early afforestation time,the fertility betterment of pure Masson pine is better than other stands,so nutrient return is more than other stands.Making chioces and selections of nutrient conditions of soil of forest land by multi-objective decision,we found sequence as follows: mixed forest of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurel>mixed forest of Chinese fir and Mytilaria laosensis>pure forest of Masson pine>pure forest of Schimacrenata>mixed forest of Chinese fir and Schimacrenata>mixed forest of Chinese fir and Liquidarnba formosana Hance >pure forest of Liquidamba formosana Hance>pure forest of Chinese fir.4:Integrating all the benefit of growth,economy,ecology and society,we conclude that mixed forest of Chinese fir and Schirnanata has the best comprehensive evaluation value(0.75),so the best culture system is system of mixed forest of Chinese fir and Schimanata,and rotation system of pure forest of Masson pine.secondly is system of mixed forest of Chinese fir and Liquidamba formosana Hance,the sequences are as follows:system of mixed forest of Chinese fir and Schimanata > rotation system of pure forest of Masson pine > system of mixed forest of Chinese fir and Liquidamba formosana Hance > rotation system of pure forest of Schimanata >system of mixed forest of Chinese fir and Mytilaria laosensis > system of mixed forest of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurel >rotation system of pure forest of Liquidamba formosana Hance.continuous cropping system of pure forest of Chinese firThe main object of cultural system establishment is increasing forest production,maintaining woodland eco-environment and social public welfare.the key is controlling woodland resources optimal allocation and proper output.the design of Chinese-fir cultural system uses ecological principles and law to guide planting,to operate and manage the ecosystem of Chinese-fir artificial forest,designing multiple model of production system.,fully use the nutrient and the law of energy circulation in the nature,realize the aim of forest sustainable fast growing and abundant production.To realize Chinese-fir artificial forest sustainable management,the relation between inheritance and reformation of Chinese-fir cultural system,must be delt with,Chinese-fir cultural system must be innovated,and woodland resources allocation must be optimizated.In the process of Chinese-fir cultivating forest,some measures must be done:cultivation objective's orientation,cultivation way's diversity,woodland resources optimal allocation,cultivation technical matching,so a whole perfect reasonable cultural system is formed.