Study On The Heterosis And Genetic Relationship Of Quality Characters And Yield In F₁ And F₂ In Winter Wheat

In order to determine the possibility of utilizing of F₂ hererosis in winter wheat,30 hybrid combinations were developed using11 winter wheat lines with significant differences in dough rheological character according to NCâ…¡mating design.Based on the data of yield and quality traits of 30 F₁ and cognate F₂ collected,we studied the potential heterrosis, correlations between traits and combining abilities of lines investigated.The main results were as follows:1.The positive heterosis of quality traits in F₂ was significantly higher than that of F₁. Spike number per plant and grains per panicle exist positive heterosis and super heterosis, though both of them degenerated to some degree.There exists high positive heterosis and super heterosis on stable time and valorimeter value.The results of the test of average heterosis and the dough rheology characters among different combinations indicated that high×high or high×middle combination type should be developed in a strong gluten wheat breeding program,and high×low or low×low type would be better in a weak gluten wheat breeding program.2.Typical correlation analysis between yield components and quality characters in F₂ indicated that 1000-kernel weight,grains per spike were closely correlate with sedimentation value and valorimeter value.But 1000-kernel weight,sedimentation value and valorimeter value were reverse relationship with grains per spike.So 1000-kernel weights of parental lines should be considered much other than grains per spike to generate new hybrid wheat.To generate novel wheat varieties with high-yield and quality of dough improvement,people should select those wheat lines characterized with higher 1000-kernel weight and higher yield per plant.3.Many components of yield and quality traits in F₂ generation were significantly or high significantly correlated with that of parental lines.We also fund that yield and quality performance of F₂ generation were positively correlated with that of F₁,so people can predict the performance of F₂ as early as in F₁.Some kind of heterosis could be explored in F₂ generation.4.Based on the analysis of GCA value and variances SCA of yield and quality traits,we thought that Zhengzhou 9023 and Xindong 22 were better parental lines could be used in a strong gluten wheat breeding programe,and Xindong20 was a good parental candidate for development of middle gluten wheat varieties,and Yumai50 be used in weak gluten wheat breeding program.