The Research On Vegetation Changes And Its Soil Water-storage Characteristics Of Soil And Water Conservation Ecological Rehabilitation Region In Zibo City

It had monitoring and research on the change of vegetation communities,growth mount of forest and grassland,soil character.The result indicated that the ecological rehabilitation project of soil and water conservation had got obvious ecological efficiency. The main results are as flowing:①The cover degree of forest and grassland in item region had been improved obviously,the vegetation cover degree increased.The forest and grassland degree was from 42.7%to 51.5%after ecological rehabilitation,increased 8.8%.The average cover degree of forest land was 0.86,which was higher than other types.Above the three hillclosing afforestation measures of supplement planting of sparse forest,the uncultivated land afforestation and the uncultivated land closing measures,the heighten extent of vegetation cover degree of the uncultivated land afforestation and supplement planting of sparse forest was bigger,(the average of arbor,shrub and herbage was 0.20 and 0.18).Between the reducing cultivated land to planting forest measures,the heighten extent of vegetation cover degree of the terrace closing of steep slope was higher(the average of arbor,shrub and herbage was 0.35).②The vegetation in ecological rehabilitation region growing status had been improved,the biomass dad been improved obviously.After ecological rehabilitation,the underground root biomass and the overground forest biomass were both improved obviously.The root density of supplement planting of sparse forest,the uncultivated land afforestation and the uncultivated land closing measures were improved 2.0 kg/m~3,2.4 kg/m~3 and 1.8 kg/m~3 after ecological rehabilitation.③The vegetation communities in item region after ecological rehabilitation were obviously increased,the foliage variety were more abundance.The vegetation type increased 3 genus,the vegetation communities increased 6 genus,after ecological rehabilitation the seed plant increased 24 genus,threrinto the arbor vegetation which was introduced into was 3 genus,the shrub vegetation increased 5 genuses,and the herb vegetation increased 16 genus.④After ecological rehabilitation in item region were obviously improved.The species diversity and richness of forest closing vegetation communities were higher than others.The diversity index of supplement planting of sparse forest,the uncultivated land closing and the uncultivated land afforestation measures were increased(5 and 0.17),(12 and 0.08),(16 and 0.27).The richness and diversity of the terrace afforestation of gentle slope and the terrace closing of steep slope measures were increased(6 and 0.6) and(20 and 0.72).⑤The ecological rehabilitation accelerated the vegetation natural succession.After ecological rehabilitation different vegetation communities all succeed to improving the community ecological efficiency direction,but the succeeding course and the vegetation community structure were different.A:The closing natural forest community,the vegetation community of this rehabilitation measure had many years closing and natural succession,all inclined to or close to the peak community,after farther afforestation,the single forest now would transit to mixed forest so as to form mixed forest community structure,the whole community intend to succeed to the direction of improving forest ecological efficiency.B:The manmade forest closing,supplement planting of sparse forest and the uncultivated land afforestation measure:the vegetations of these three ecological rehabilitation were all manmade communities,before rehabilitation the arbor trees were very single,after closing,the tree seed were still Platycladus orientalis and Robinia pseudoacacia that were introduced into by man.But with the increasing of the closing years,in the community of better condition some reasonable tree would be settled in such as Cotinus coggygris,Ulmus parvifolia,Quercus,it's arbor shrub and herb specify, diversity and evenness intended to improving intension.C:The uncultivated land closing communities:After the communities closing,in the near future it most was shrub and grassland,it's diversity and richness would be obviously improved.With the extending of closing time,some reasonable arbor tree would break in,at last it forms into compound and different age forest structure including arbor,shrub and herb,and it's ecological efficiency would be increased obviously.The reducing cultivated land to planting forest vegetation community:This rehabilitation measure mainly distribute in manmade terrace, after several years closing,not only the gentle slope,steep slope or the crop terrace,the shrub vegetation increased firstly in the community.With the improving of natural vegetation,the specify richness,diversity and evenness index all takes on improving intension,the arbor types would be improved,Cotinus coggygris etc some reasonable tree would be settled in.At last it forms into compound and different age forest community; the communities succeed to the direction of improving the vegetation ecological efficiency. ⑥The soil structure and water status were obviously improved,the soil porosity was enhanced.Asthe soil density,the natural forests' were smaller than the manmade forest, among these,the mixed forests'(1.156g/cm~3) were smaller than the single forest (1.180g/cm~3).After ecological rehabilitation the FD of supplement planting of sparse forest,the uncultivated land afforestation,the uncultivated land closing and reducing cultivated land to planting forest measure were decreased 0.008 g/cm~3,0.009 g/cm~3,0.005 g/cm~3 and 0.019g/cm~3.As the soil porosity,the natural forests' were superior to the manmade forest,among these,the mixed forests' were superior to the single forest.After ecological rehabilitation the FD of supplement planting of sparse forest,the uncultivated land afforestation,the uncultivated land closing and reducing cultivated land to planting forest measure were increased(2.6%,0.25%,2.91%),(11.04%,2.89%,17.05%),(8.44 %,2.04%,6.40%) and(2.7%,1.66%,1.05%).⑦The vegetation water accumulation and containing efficiency of ecological rehabilitation region were increased obviously.After ecological rehabilitation the vegetations' canopy water containing,litter accumulating,litter water containing and soil saturated water containing quantity were all obviously increased.A:After ecological rehabilitation the total water cumulating quantity was 3264.9t/hm~2,was increased 2582.6 t/hm~2。The total water cumulating quantity of manmade forest was 2966.5 t/hm~2,was increased 2284.2 t/hm~2.The improved extent of mixed forests was bigger than the single forest.B:After ecological rehabilitation the total water cumulating quantity of supplement planting of sparse forest,the uncultivated land afforestation,the uncultivated land closing and reducing cultivated land to planting forest measure were increased 94.5 t/hm~2,143.6 t/hm~2,139.6 t/hm~2 and 486.6 t/hm~2.