| China is one of the countries with the most serious soil erosion environment. Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.C. has been implementing projects of the ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation. However, the research is not enough so far. Former experience of the ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation has shown that further study is needed in regions with different natural and geographical environments focusing on zonality discrepancy of suitable conditions of ecological rehabilitation, scope and control measures, the relationship of manual control and ecological repair, eco-efficiency and so on. This study analyzes suitability of the ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation, variation of soil quality, area ratio of manual govern to ecological rehabilitation in Fujian and Shaanxi provinces and compares the differences, with GIS as the main technical means. Also the remote sensing data and thematic maps, the comprehensive management of soil and water conservation status, vegetation restoration and changes in soil quality data are used. The major findings are as follows: (1)Through analysis of the object of land-use type and slope and related indicators of soil erosion intensity, population density and annual rainfall suitable division of the region maps of ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation is received in the use of GIS technology. In Fujian province, suitability area of the ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation is 5053 km2,13.3% of the size of the object to carry out objects ecological rehabilitation, accounting for 42.4% of the total area of soil erosion. In Shaanxi, suitability area of the ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation is 23911 km2, 24.3% of the size of the object to carry out ecological restoration, accounting for 19% of the total area of soil erosion. According to geographical divisions, combined with the region's natural, social and environmental status, measures of the ecological rehabilitation of the soil and water conservation are explored. Finally, the regional differences are analyzed to fill the research gaps.(2)Relation of governance area ratio between Manual govern and ecological rehabilitation, with status of the comprehensive management of soil and water conservation is analyzed. In Fujian, through analyzing selected 21 typical small watershed, the ratio of govern area is about 4:1 between manual govern and ecological rehabilitation, a certain gap contrast to suitability area of the ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation. In Shaanxi, by determining the county as the unit of governance data, the proportion of manual govern area is found to be very large and a very small proportion of ecological rehabilitation. In the comprehensive management of the process of soil and water conservation, the percentages of area of ecological rehabilitation in Fujian is higher than that of in Shaanxi, mainly because of status of vegetation, climate, soil erosion are better than those of in Shaanxi, with more appropriate measures for ecological rehabilitation. Comparison of the region and the range of regional differences of ecological rehabilitation under the comprehensive management of soil and water conservation, the status in Fujian is better than that of in Shaanxi. It is explain that the research on appropriateness of ecological rehabilitation can be found of and provided guidance. (3) With the data of predecessors'studies, the process of manual govern and ecological rehabilitation soil organic matter, total N, bulk density, total porosity, capillary pore variation of soil quality and efficiency are analyzed. In Fujian, in early restoration of vegetation restoration, the status of soil quality by manual govern are better than of that by natural recovery, but in the mid and late, natural recovery is more stable, significantly superior to manual govern. In Shaanxi, in the early restoration of vegetation, increment of soil quality and efficiency by natural recovery are relatively faster than those of the number of manual govern, yet in the latter part, soil quality and efficiency is not significantly different between natural recovery and manual govern. In the process of natural recovery of vegetation, the average annual increment and growth of indicators, such as soil organic matter, total N, bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity in Fujian are greater than that of in Shaanxi. The study indicates that ecological rehabilitation in the long run is better than those of the artificial govern and its benefits in Fujian is superior to that in Shaanxi.The above researches discussed suitability of the ecological rehabilitation ofsoil and water conservation, analyzed governance area ratio of manual govern and ecological rehabilitation, reveal variation of soil quality and efficiency under process of vegetation recovery. And it is reviewed regional difference and causes of its between Fujain and Shaanxi. The study not only enrich status of relevant studies about the suitability, the degree of governance, governance effectiveness of the ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation, but also for us to explore in the different regions the assessment methods of the ecological rehabilitation of soil and water conservation, the relationship between human and ecological rehabilitation, mechanism of ecological restoration, to lay the theoretical foundation.
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