International Management On Antimicrobial Resistance In Veterinary Medicine

With the intensivism and modernization of animal husbandry, Veterinary antimicrobial play an important role, they are used to prevent, control and treat diseases, promote animal's growth, decrease morbidity and mortality, improve quality of animal derived food and so on. The prevailing view that the use of antimicrobial, in particular, abuse, misuse and its sub-therapeutic dose as growth promotion can lead to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Drug resistance can impair the drug action, prolong course of diseases, increase mortality, and hinder the stockbreeding development. Moreover, drug-resistance bacteria can transfer among human, animals and atmosphere, which will threaten human medical treatment. Nowadays, drug resistance is an important public health issue worldwide, most countries and organizations have taken management measures. Our country is not perfect in this field. Hence, a systematic study was conducted for the sake of understanding and analyzing status of the veterinary antimicrobial resistance management about primary advanced countries and international organizations, then bringing forward some theoretical proposals about our country and promoting judicious usage.The ways of study are the methodologies of document research, descriptive research, comparative research(horizontal research and longitudinal research), inductive method, logic method, historical method. The objects of study are United States, EU, Canada, Australia, China and international organizations including WHO, FAO, CAC, OIE, IFAH and VICH. The thesis described drugs resistance administrative agencies and management measures, Then, conducted a general comparison, brought forward suggestions so as to provide the reference and evidence about controlling Chinese veterinary antimicrobial resistance emergency, spread and promoting judicious usage.The study found that most countries and international organizations have taken a series of measures including establishing of drug resistance management working groups or committees, setting down documents and guidelines, holding related conferences, conducting risk analysis about drug resistance, establishing antimicrobial resistance monitoring system, grading antimicrobial, using antimicrobial of prudence and so on, but there are also some differences in various countries. The measures considered by the United States focused on risk assessment strategies to protect human health, while recognizing the importance of veterinary antimicrobial in improving human health, providing amount of inexpensive meat, eggs and milk. Moreover, antimicrobial safety evaluation and resistance monitoring were very strict, if resistant bacterial was found, they would take corresponding measures including withdrawal drug permits. EU have taken more rigorous measures, all antimicrobials had been banned for animal growth promotion since 2006. Canadian and Australian administrative ways were similar to some extent. Firstly, antimicrobial committee submitted antimicrobial usage and resistance report, then authorities held discussions, and issued response document, held consultation, finally provided suggestions and control measures. International organizations have also established corresponding the Ad Hoc Working Groups, held meetings and developed related documents about antimicrobial resistance. International organizations also incessantly conduct exchanges and cooperation among them, in particular WHO, OIE and FAO, they have held four joint international expert workshops to discuss non-human antimicrobial resistance issue and formulate many management strategies. In contrast, our country had no special working groups and management systems; didn't establish veterinary antimicrobial resistance surveillance system; didn't implement drug resistance risk analysis; without categorization of antibacterial; education and training had not done well enough. This thesis draw the conclusion that our country should: establish working group to manage veterinary antimicrobial resistance; grade antimicrobial drugs; strengthen the approval of veterinary drugs; strengthen post-market supervision; implement veterinary antimicrobial resistance risk analysis; establish national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system; promote judicious usage of antimicrobial; develop new antibacterial and alternative medicine; strengthen international exchanges and cooperation; enhance education and training.From the information available, it is the first time to study veterinary antimicrobial resistance at domestic and foreign from the management level. Through analyzing the veterinary antimicrobial resistance control agencies and management measures in the United States, EU, Canada, Australia, China and international organizations, comparing the similarities and differences among them, It showed that there are many problems about antimicrobial resistance in our country. The value of this study is to put forward some theoretical proposals to control drug resistance emergence and spread, provide reference for formulating relevant policies, provide the basis for the management of the drug resistance, consummate the veterinary drags usage and administration, protect Chinese animal products market, protect human health.