| The semen of drone was carded in the backtrack satellite and mutagenized in the space,we used instrumental inseminations to cultivate the offsprings.On the stage of selection on the ground,we carried on a primary study on the mutagenesis effects from the perspectives of biological characteristic, economic performance and fluctuating asymmetry(FA),the results are as follows:1.The sperm of drone were damaged by space environment greatly.Compared with the control group,the semen of space boarded group had low vigor and got higher mortality rate.The survival rates of sperm was only 18.6%.Virgin queens were inseminated with the semen of drone carded by the recoverable satellite for space mutation,breeding queens after they layed eggs.The queens of F1 generation had highly mortality rate(78.9%)after inseminated in one week.2.In royal jelly production performance,there was no significant difference between the space breeding group and control group on the acceptance rate(P＞0.05);But the royal jelly yield of F2 and F3 generation were lower than the control group,and the difference was extremely significant(P＜0.01);The royal jelly of all groups can meet the level in the latest national standard GB9697-2008,but the control group was slightly higher than that of the space group.Till now,we still have not detected beneficial mutation of royal jelly yield trait loci.3.On the measurement of morphological characters,20 index of length,llindex of veins,hamuli and index of the cubitus in all the F1,F2,and F3 generations were measured.The results of morphological characters showed that,there were 6,13,and 18 index of length significantly lower than the control on F1,F2,and F3 respectively;There were 2,4,and 5 index of veins significantly lower than the control respectively;There were no significant difference in the worker bees' index of the cubitus and the number of bee hindwing hamuli between F1,F2 and their checks.But these indexs of F3 significantly lower than its control group.The overall results of morphometry showed that the shape of offsprings of space breeding become smaller.4.Fluctuating asymmetry(FA) was estimated among the different symmetric characters in the offspring of F1 and F2 and F3 generations.The results indicated that FA was found in "length of fore wing "and "cubital wein a" in all the three generations and the control group of F3 generation,no FA was found in the control group of F1 and F2 generations on this two symmetric characters;The values of FA of "length of fore wing"and "cubital wein a" were significantly higher than those of the control groups,therefore,the space mutagenesis might play important roal on the appearance of FA.5.Space aboard lead to some harmful variations in the offsprings of spacebreeding.Such as dwarf worker bees,chest and abdominal deformities,eye-color mutation,abnormal of laying eggs and so on;In addition,the veins of wings also appeared some degree of variation,and we found two new types of variations.To sum up,we have not found any favorable mutation.Our results also showed that the space loading of drone semen have produce a certain effect,and induce different degrees of variation.
|
PDF Full Text Request