Breeding On High-yield And Early-maturing Varieties Of White Flammulina Velutipes

For the breeding of white Flammulina velutipes new varieties with the independent intellectual property rights and high-yield, precocious and excellent quality, the research had adopted"three-waycross"crossbreeding pattern, and the selected crossing parent strains has the characteristics of the farther relationship and the complementary agronomic characters. They are respectively yellow strain Sanming-one, white strains Gold-21 and Gold-3. The research has utilized the mycelium vigorous, compact monospore strains which formed colonies with clamp connection to breed Flammulina velutipes new variety. The main research results are as follows:1, Screening parent strains The screening of parent strains were based on the different Flammulina velutipes strains preserved in Mycological Research Center of FAFU, whose agronomic characters and molecular markers were known. The ISSR cluster analysis dendrogram were established on the systematic cluster analysis of 23 different Flammulina velutipes strains,DNA fingerprintings, and combined the 23 strains'agronomic characters datas, finally screened out three parent strains with farther relationship and the complementary agronomic characters to crossbreed. The three strains were yellow strain Sanming-one, white strains Gold-21 and Gold-3 respectively.2, Study on related characteristics of parent strains the antoganistic experiment of parent strains on PDA flats showed that they had consistency between the antoganistic relationship and the genetic relationship in the systematic cluster analysis. The results of enzyme activity experiment by Congo red staining showed that there existed the positive correlation relationship between the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) enzyme activity and the hyprid growth rate. Morover, the results of enzyme activity experment by Bromothymol blue (BTB) staining showed that there existed higher positive relationship between the dehydrogenase activity and strains yield. Namely, the strains whose BTB solution presented by the deeper yellow and with Higher yield have higher dehydrogenase activity, in contrary, their BTB solution are blue, and they have lower yield.3, Monospore strains incompatibility factor determination The spores of parent strains were obtained by ejecting of the good shape fruiting body in the cultivating experiment, and the monospore strains of the different parent strains had been obtained by monospore separation technique. The preserved standard monospore strains of Mycological Research Center of FAFU were taked as the standardized monospore strains to determine incompatibility factors of separated monospore strains. The experiment identified the incompatibility factors of monospore strains of 3 parent strain in detail.4, Breeding for white Flammulina velutipes variety with high yield and prematurity This experiment slected the monospore strains with vigorous and compact mycelium, which have the incompatibility factors of free mating, to obtained the hybrid strains by mating and hybridizing. The first hybridizing obtained 400 F1 strains, and through cultivating experiment, 280 hybrid strains with better agronomic characters were obtained. Compared with the parent strains, F1-27 and F1-160 strains had the traits of prematurity and Fruiting tidiness consistent. The second hybridizing obtained 80 F2 strains, through cultivating experiment, 44 white hybrid strains were obtained, among them, A30 and A47 were transgressive strains with better agronomic characters, for example, premature, tidiness consistent, high-yield and so on. The A30 and A47 hybrid strains had been validated by antagonistic experiment and molecular marker confirmation, the results showed that the two hybrid strains came from the genetic material Re-combination of parent strains. Meanwhile, one disease-resistant white strain A45 was obtained in F2 strains.5, Differences of Hybrid strains from pairing of the same mating-type monospore strains In the experiment, the hybrid strains came from the pairing of the same mating-type monospore strains. There had significant differences among mycelial growth rate, sackful days, flower bud days harvesting days and single-bag average yield in cultivated matetials. The results showed that the expansion of monospore strains in cross breeding can improve the probability of obtaining superior strains and other strains with specific agronomic characters.