The Fertility Operation Of High Yield Cultivation And The Growth And Development Of Portulaca Oleracea L.

This article take Portulaca oleracea L. as the object of study. Through incubator culturing, field planting, anatomical structure and external morphology observation, measure, light microscopy of paraffin-sectioned material. The article detailed systematically its seed germination, growth process, flowering rhythm in sunny and cloudy day, discussed the optimum biomass and the correlation among the fresh weight of various organs. Furthermore, the development of pistil and stamen, include microsporogenesis, the development of male gametophyte, megasporogensis, female gametophyte, fertilization, the development of embryo and endosperm were also described in detail. Thus the structure and function of Portulaca oleracea L. become more clarified. Also,it laid a theoretical basis for further study exploitation and utilization of Portulaca oleracea L.Results were as follows:(1)Under the condition of raising seedlings in purslane, we studied the suitable age, pH, temperature, and identified its salt-tolerance. we known the germination of Purslane seeds. The purslane seeds underwent 6~8 months dormancy period. The most suitable germination temperature and pH was 30~35℃, pH6.5 respectively. The purslane seeds also had certain salinity tolerance, and the sowing depth was best without earth up .(2) After seeding, the absolute growth rate was 1.23mm/d.The heights, leaves of main branches and lateral branches, number of secondary branches, flower buds increased linearly with DAS(days after seeding).(3) Its flowering characteristic varied from different weathers, in clear days, flower bloomed during 7:00and 11:00am.Its flowering time almost last 90min, after 40min, the flowers are up to 7 mm wide.In cloudy and rainy weather, Portulaca oleracea L. seldom blooming, but only emerging buds instead.(4) The development of the anther wall belonged to a dicotyledonous type. The androecium of Portulaca oleracea L. are Coronary stamen. Each anther has four pollen sac. The anther wall comprises the epidermis, fibrous endothecium, a single ephemeral middle layer, and secretory tapetum of binucleate cells. The tapetal cells become multinucleate, and the nuclei fuse.(5)Cytokinesis of microsporocyte meioticdivision is of simultaneous type. Tetraspor- ophyte is tetrahedral. Mature pollen grain is of 3-cell type, and of three- to four-colporate.(6)Middle layer cells disintegrated at microspore mother cell meiosis stage, and vanished puredee at single-cell stage. Tetrad stage: tapetum cells begin to be disaggregated, and disappeared in the 3-cell pollen grain Mature.(7)The pisil combined with 5 carpels, half-inferior ovary. Free central placention or parietal placentation. The ovule is ana-campylotropous, bitegmic and crassinucellar. Following meiotic divisions, the megaspore mother cell produces a linear tetrad. Only one megaspore which was in chalaza enlarged and functioned while the other three megaspores in micropyle degenerated. The chalazal megaspore gives rise to the polygonum type of embryo sac with three times mitosis, which has 8nuclei and 7 cells in its mature stage.(8) Fertilization process was carried out by the cooperation of egg cell and synergids. And in the process of fertilization, the fate of two synergids remained different, one was persistent, the other degenerated.(9) By utilizing soil testing and formulated fertilization results, the theoretical yield was calculated to be 5.8kg/m2. The actual yield was based on fertilization treatments below:N:P:K=6:3:8, 60% as base fertilizer, 40% as additional fertilizer and, targeting yield 3500kg/mu as the dose rate.(10) Correlation analysis of different organs in purslane were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results showing that total fresh weight had a higher correlation degree with the weight of secondary order branches and that flower buds correlated mostly with tertiary order branches, as well as the close relation between root weight and weight of secondary order branches . Relations among different organs in purslane were similar in the dry and fresh weight conditions.