Research On Intercropping And Active Ingredient Of Lonicera Macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. And Chrysanthemum Indicum L.

Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.belongs to Caprifoliaceae Lonicera plants,commonly called L.macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.and it was described as one source plants of Flos Lonicerae in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2005 I volume at first.Flos Lonicerae contains flavonoids,volatile oil, organic acids,saponins and other chemical constituents,with the function of anti-pathogenic microorganism,fever relieving,hepatoprotection,Chlorogenic acid is abundant compare to other components,it is a phenolic compounds with a variety of activation,such as anti-bacterium ant-virus, increasing white blood cells number,choleretic,anti-tumor.Reducing blood pressure and blood fat level,remove the free radical and so on.Chrysanthemum indicum L.is a Compositae plant and the source of Flos Chrysanthemi Zndici; It is a commonly used Chinese medicine,also called malaria grass,coix,such as mountain chrysanthemi flos.It has a long history as folk medicine in China with heat-clearing and detoxicating function and the effect of hepatoprotection,Chinese Pharmacopoeia had such records early.Modern pharmacology had proved that wild chrysanthemum has many functions such as broad-spectrum antibacterial,anti-virus,reducing blood pressure,increasing coronary blood flow,removing the free radical and so on.Due to it's biological activity diversity,fresh and pleasant scent,innoxious property to body,widespread and low price,Flos Chrysanthemi Zndici has potential value to drug industry,health products,cosmetics and so on.Intercropping technology is a farming mode where two or more field crops are cultivated in the same land at a time.This cultivation way has many advantages.It can increase efficiency or production of plants throuth synergistic action,complementation and competition between species. The complementation is a main causation,it is embodied mainly in the spatial complementation, temporal complementation,nutrient complementation,moisture and biological complementation and so on.But this complementation is not well achieved until the appropriate field crops are chosen,the reasonable field disposal are found and the crop growth and development are under controlled.The growth environments needed for Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz and Chrysanthemum indicum L.are about same,their plant morphology and growth characteristics are mutual adaptive,so their intercropping has high economic benefits more than their corresponding monoculture at same acreage.The intercropping of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz and Chrysanthemum indicum L. were studied in Aikou town of Chongqing.The quality and yield of Flos Lonicerae and Flos Chrysanthemi Zndici as a medicine were compared.In addition,the technology of alcohol extraction and water extraction for their active ingredients were studied and optimized.Main results are as follows:1.Study on extracting technology with alcohol for chlorogenic acid of Flos LoniceraeIn our study,the experimental object is Xiushan Flos Lonicerae planted in the year of 2007. The optimum extracting condition was investigated by L9(3~4) orthogonal design and extractive yield of chlorogenic acid as index.Four factors influencing extraction efficiency were considered, they were concentration of alcohol(A),temperature of extracting(B),the amount of extraction solution(C) and times of extracting(D).The Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometer(UV) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) have been carried out for the quantitative and qualitative determination of chlorogenic acid in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz..The optimum extraction condition with alcohol were:Adding 10 folds of 70%alcohol and extracting for 2 times,30 minutes and 45 minutes each time at 75℃.The yield of extractum and chlorogenic acid is 53.15%and 12.88%respectively.The optimum extracting condition with water for chlorogenic acid of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.are as follow:15 folds of water(weight) was used and extracting for 2 times,30 minutes each time,the extracting temperature was 85℃and 80℃respectively.The yield of extractive and chlorogenic acid is 50.33%and 7.508%respectively.The method is simple,quick and stable,so it can be used as a reference for the quality controlling for plant and processing of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.2.Study on extracting progress with alcohol for chlorogenic acid and flavonoids of Flos Chrysanthemi ZndiciIn our study,the experimental object is Flos Chrysanthemi Zndici.The optimum extracting condition was investigated by L9(3~4) orthogonal design and extractive yield of chlorogenic acid and the total flavonoids as index.The High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) and Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometer(UV) had been carried out for the quantitative and qualitative determination of chlorogenic acid and the total flavonoids in wild chrysanthemum respectively.Four factors influencing this extraction efficiency were considered,they were alcohol concentration(A),temperature of extracting(B),amount of alcohol(C) and extraction time(D).The Results are as follow:(1) The yield of extractum is used as index,the optimum condition is follow: adding 20 folds of 70%alcohol and extracting for 2 times,30 minutes each time,the temperature was 60℃.The yield of extractum is 36.11%.(2) The total flavonoids is used as index:The optimum condition is follow:adding 20 folds of 80%alcohol and extracting for 2 times,30 minutes each time, the temperature was 60℃.The yield of the total flavonoids is 4.472%.(3) The chlorogenic acid is used as index.The optimum condition is follow:Adding 10 folds of 70%alcohol and extracting for 2 times,60 minutes each time.The temperature was 80℃.The yield of the chlorogenic acid is 1.125%. The optimum extracting condition with water of Flos Chrysanthemi Zndici as follow:Four factors influencing this extraction efficiency were considered,they were amount of water(A),temperature of extracting(B),the time of each extraction(C) and times of extracting(D).Results:The optimum condition was adding 15 folds of water and extracting for 2 times,60 minutes each time.The temperature was 75℃.The yield of the total flavonoids,chlorogenic acid and extractum are 3.8693%,0.4793%and 34.53%,respectively.Conlusion:The method can be as a reference for the quality controlling for plant and processing of Flos Chrysanthemi Zndici.3.The Intercropping experiment between Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.and Chrysanthemum indicum L.In this experiment,Chrysanthemum indicum L.were planted between Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.In order to select it's cultivation conditions using orthogonal,fresh weight of kilo-bud, dry weight of kilo-bud,water content,chlorogenic acid content in large flower-like honeysuckle flower stem and leaf were measured,no significant differences was found between the sample and the control group.The cultivation mode of Chrysanthemum indicum L.is optimized through L9(34) orthogonal test,the results as follow:(1) The optimal mode which using output of Flos Chrysanthemi Zndici as index is:Nitrogenous fertilizer 5kg/667m~2,phosphate fertilizer 8kg/667m~2, potash fertilizer 12kg/667m~2,planting rows are 2 lines,green kilo-bud weight is 109.70g,dry kilo-bud weight is 26.53g(2) the optimal mode which chlorogenic acid and total falconoid of Flos Chrysanthemi Zndici was used as a index is:Nitrogenous fertilizer 10kg/667m~2,phosphate fertilizer 12kg/667m~2,potash fertilizer 16kg/667m~2 planting rows are 2 lines,chlorogenic acid content is 0.7076%,total falconoid content is 7.898%.Therefore,to consider every factor the optimal mode of intercropping of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.and Chrysanthemum indicum L.is nitrogenous fertilizer 10kg/667m~2,phosphate fertilizer 8kg/667m~2,potash fertilizer 12kg/667m~2,plant rows are 2 lines.Above results suggested that Intercropping of Chrysanthemum indicum L.is no significant impact on early growth of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.with this faming mold,the farmer income not only can be increased,but also the utilization of land can be improved.