Evaluation Studies On The Traits And Quality Of Three Cultivars Of Lonicera Macranthoides

With good tree structure、high yield,good quality and other characteristics,Lonicera macranthoides Hand. Mazz. has become the main variety breed of mountain Honeysuckle herbs,but its germplasm mixed restricts the development of production and development. This study divided the germplasm resources into 3 cultivars, investigated and analyzed their plant traits,yield and the quality of its flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides Hand. Mazz.. Simultaneously,we revealed the correlation between traits and yield and quality of buds among different cultivars of of Lonicera macranthoides Hand. Mazz.. The purpose of this study was to provide technologies for the cultivation promoting and to accomplish standardized,large-scale construction production of Lonicera macranthoides GAP. The results were as follows:1.The agronomic characters of three cultivars of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-MazzThere were some differences on agronomic characters among three cultivars of Lonicera macranthoides. Type B was about 15 days earlier than types A and C,entering the flowering around 10th May. There were very significant differences in plant height,stem, number of new branches, leaf length, Leaf width, leaf dried weight, yield per plant, and yield among different cultivars of Lonicera macranthoides.The plant yield of type A was 26.6% and 18.1% higher than B and C,respectively.The differences on agronomic of cultivars were obvious.Type A was one of superior clones,which could be pruned and trained to grow upright type. And it had flowers Pier, obvious trunk, branches stout, strong growth, biomass, blooms late, large thick leaves, dark green leaf color. Type B had trunk barely visible, prostrate growth, earlier flowering, long slender branches, wrapping serious, long and narrow leaf, yellow and green leaf color and the old leaf upper had smooth surface.The plant type of C was between A and B, and its branches were relatively short and erect.Buds were grown on the top of branches, and were easy to pick. Research form and the digitizing of the three were agreed.2. The micro-morphological characters of Leaf epidermisThere were some differences on leaf epidermis under micro-morphology of 3 cultivars of Lonicera macranthoides.Leaf epidermis were born in the vein of leaf epidermis and veins, including the non-glandular hairs and glandular hairs, upper surface hairless.It was shown that the stomatal apparatuses of 3 cultivars were elliptic and present on lower surfaces,and fewer in upper surface. The stomatal apparatuses were anomocytic. The leaf epidermal cells were usually irregular or irregularly polygonal in shape. The particles varied in size scattered around the stomatal distribution could be clusters of calcium oxalate crystals. The all indicators over were common characteristics. The epidermal hair density differed among the 3 types. The density of glandular hairs,length and density of non-glandular hairs were different among cultivars.These differences can serve as important basis for distinguishing different types of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.3. The content of medicinal compositions in the buds of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.The quality of 3 cultivars of Lonicera macranthoides was fine. Buds were slender rods, straight, slightly bent and yellowish green.Its length was between 3-4.5cm, upper diameter was 2mm, bottom diameter was about 1mm, and pak tablets of fresh and dry weight were 7.190-7.570g and 1.954～2.066g,respectively.The all indicators of quality indicators were accord with the Ch P.2010. The average content of water-soluble extract and alcohol soluble extract in the buds was as high as 39.49～46.78% and 14.45～24.33%, respectively.The content of chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, macranthoidin B and disacoside B of cultivars ranged namely 5.87-7.93%,2.37-4.24%,5.07～10.14% and 0.39～0.90%, higher than the Ch P. (2010 Edition) requirements. The content of total flavonoids were 2.34-5.25%, lower than those in honeysuckle.The content of total saponins were 5.55～12.40%, with higher levels, various greatly between cultivars.The content of macranthoidin B had a significantly high levels than B 97.85% and C 35.16%, and the content of total saponins were higher than B 101.68% and C 39.77% in type A. While in type B the content of chlorogenic acid were significantly higher than A 17.22% and C 30.72%, and the the content of total flavonoids had a significantly high levels than A 42.65% and C 94.12%,respectively.4. The content of nutrient contents in the buds of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.3 cultivars of medicinal plants of Lonicera macranthoides were rich in nutrient.The content of soluble sugars and soluble protein ranged namely 11.66～18.95% and 11.94～13.05%, with a degree of difference between the 3 types. All contained 17 kinds of amino acids,including 7 kinds of essential amino acids,and the content was high and full. Among them, the content of total amino acid,7 kinds of essential amino acids, flavor amino acid and medicinal amino acid were 162.39～207.20 mg/g,53.75-66.99 mg/g,100.55～ 134.77 mg/g and 79.35～99.07 mg/g, respectively. The content of each kind of amino acid in type C was the highest, followed by the type B, and type A with the minimum content, and except for aromatic amino acids with no significant difference, the content of other types of amino acid were significantly higher in B and C than A. Therefore, all cultivars had flavors with a high and stable taste and nutritional value, with type C the best.The buds of all cultivars were rich in Contains Calcium, Magnesium, Ferrum, Zinc, Manganese and Copper 6 kinds of micro and macro essential elements. The content ranged from high to low for the Calcium (8.02～13.69 mg/g)> Magnesium (92.37～3.23 mg/g)> Ferrum (43.99～151.32μg/g)> Manganese (242.69～53.07μg/g)> Zinc (31.65～37.69 μg/g)>Copper (9.60～14.52μg/g), and the content of Ferrum varied greatly between 3 cultivars.The mean of Copper/Zinc in buds ranged from 0.29 to 0.38, and the Zinc content was high and Copper content was low,and the value of Copper/Zinc was stability,its conducive to maintain the human body physiological balance and enhance patient body physique.5. The relationships among quality component in the buds of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz.The quality indicators of Lonicera macranthoides had restraint and interaction relationships between each other, and at the same time, its accumulation exist significant differences in different cultivars. The appearance of buds of 3 cultivars effect on each other largerly, and bud length and diameter in the lower part could visually reflect the hundred grains of dry weight of Lonicera macranthoides hand.The appearance traits of buds affect their internal quality to some extent. The bud length was positively correlated with each kind of amino acid and macranthoidin B, and negatively correlated with protein total flavonoids and disacoside B, and reached significant level on total flavonoids in type C, with the correlation coefficient 0.998. Diameter in the upper part of bud in type C had significant positive correlation to total saponin, with the correlation coefficient high than 0.99. The hundred grains of dry weight of bud had a significant positive correlation with extract in type B and chlorogenic acid in type C, the correlation coefficient were 0.998～1.00.There was a certain relationship between the main effective constituents in buds of 3 cultivars. There was significantly negative correlation with chlorogenic acid and total saponin、isochlorogenic acid and total flavonoids, and positive correlation with total saponin and macranthoidin B. On the other hand, different cultivars were also as the important factors for medicinal composition differences. In type A, the disacoside B showed a significant negative correlation with chlorogenic acid, and the correlation coefficients was above 0.99.Each kind of amino acid had significant correlation to each other. Soluble sugars and proteins as the physiological activities underlying material directly involved in plant effectively affect synthesis of medicinal substances in medicinal plants. Inorganic elements and each kind of amino acimain had certain relationship with medicine components. Total amino acids showed significant negative correlation with water-soluble extract and total saponin in type A. In type B, there were significantly negative correlated with the total amino acid and chlorogenic acid, Ferrum and total flavonoids. There was significantly positive correlation in total saponin and total amino acids in type C. Among them, the correlation coefficient were 0.98-1.00.