| Bordeaux nutritional protective powder (BNPP) is possessed of nutritional and protective effects, sponsored by national 948 project and manufactured in Shandong Agricultural University. Additives such as suspension reagents and some trace elements were added to the traditional Bordeaux Mixture (BDM) to make BNPP with the function of nutrition and protection. With extended suspension time and supplemental trace elements, BNPP is superior at bacteria and pest prevention, and can be able to provide nutrients for plant growth. However, soil Cu accumulation and its effect on soil ecological environment after constant BNPP spraying deserves further studies.Chilli and eggplant pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of BNPP on vegetable growth and quality and soil ecological environment, and therefore, provided a foundation to the manufacturing of BNPP and its application. Main results were as followed:1. Effects of BNPP on the chlorophyll content of vegetables, e.g. chillis and eggplants: BNPP was possessed of trace elements, such as Zn, which was component and activator of many enzymes, and thus could contribute to synthesis and accumulation of chlorophyll. Throughout all these three copper agents, the lower concentration was superior to higher concentration. At the same concentration level, the chlorophyll content in chilli leaves after spraying three copper products was BNPP>KCD>BDM. During the middle and late growth stage, the chlorophyll content in eggplants treated with BNPP-A and BNPP-B was markedly greater than BDM and CK. BNPP-A1, BNPP-B1 and BDM1 treatments were 4.4%, 1.8% and -4.5% greater than CRF treatment respectively. The results showed that BNPP increased chlorophyll content, while BDM inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll.2. Effects of BNPP on total Cu and Zn content in vegetables, e.g. chillis and eggplants: BNPP could greatly increase plant total Zn content, and minimize the hazard caused by trace elements deficiency. Meanwhile, the total Cu content also increased, but not greatly. Application of BDM increased plant total Cu content, resulting in excess Cu accumulation. The total Cu distribution in plants was in the order: leaves> fruits>stalks>root and total Cu content increased with the increasing of spraying concentration with BDMï¹¥KCDï¹¥BNPP. At high concentration level, greatest total root and stalk Cu content in eggplants was observed in BDM treatment, followed by BNPP-A, and least in BNPP-B. Total Zn content in chillis were in the order: BNPP>KCD>BDM. Compared with CK, the total Zn content in root, stalk and chillis in BNPP-A2 were higher 29.9%, 38.7% and 18.7% than that in CK.3. Effects of BNPP on yields and quality of vegetables, e.g. chillis and eggplants: BNPP could increase Zn accumulation, yields and vegetable quality. Chilli Vc content at lower concentration treatments was greater than that at higher concentration. At the same concentration level, BNPP accounted for the largest Vc increase than KCD and BDM, KCD was better at increasing Vc content than BDM. Compared to CK, chilli Vc content treated with CFBNPP1, CFKCD1, CRFBNPP1 and CRFKCD1 increased by 19.8%, 16.1%, 24.1% and 19.6%, respectively. The sugar/acid ratio in BNPP-A1 increased by 51.1%, 30.3%, 42.7% and 27.8% in comparison with CK, BNPP-B1, BDM1 and BNPP-A2. The greatest chilli yield per plant was obtained in CRFBNPP1 treatment, 74.7%, 26.7% and 15.5% greater than CK, CRF and CFBNPP1 respectively. Yields of eggplants treated with lower concentration of copper agents were markedly greater than that with higher concentration. Yields in BNPP-A1 and BNPP-B1 treatments increased by 36.5% and 29.0% than CK, while BDM2 decreased by 5.8% than CRF treatment.4. Effects of BNPP on soil available Cu and Zn: Unabsorbed Cu dropped on the ground attributed to the accumulation of soil available Cu. BNPP could increase soil available Cu and Zn, and high concentration of copper agents was significantly greater lower concentration. The greatest soil available Cu concentration was obtained in BDM treatment, lowest in BNPP treatment; the greatest soil available Zn was obtained in BNPP treatment, lowest in BDM treatment. The results of chilli experiment indicated that soil available Cu concentration across all treatments was BDM>KCD>BNPP>CK. CFBDM2, CFKCD2 and CFBNPP2 increased soil available Cu by 451.1%, 154.5% and 76.9% compared to CK. Additionally, soil available Zn concentration in CRFBNPP2 and CFBNPP2 treatments was 61.3%-70.1%, 72.7%-82.0% and 92.2%-102.6% greater than CK, CFBDM2 and CRFBDM2 respectively. The eggplant experiment showed that soil available Cu treated with BNPP-A1, BNPP-B1 and BDM1 was 176.1%, 119.5% and 459.1% greater than CK. BNPP could increase soil available Zn content significantly, and BNPP-A1 and BNPP-A2 increased by 122.4% and 125.3% than control.5. Under greenhouse conditions, soil enzymes such as ureases, catalase and sucrase underwent irregular changes and were greatly impacted by the types and application rates of copper agents. Soil enzymes activity at lower concentration level was superior to higher concentration treatment. Soil enzyme activity was mostly inhibited by BDM and least by BNPP.6. Under greenhouse conditions, types and application rates of copper agents significantly affected soil biological carbon (MBC) and soil respiration, which decreased with increased application rate of copper agents. In greenhouse cultivated chillis, MBC decreased firstly and then increased, and change extent caused by three agents was in the order: BNPP>KCD>BDM. In greenhouse cultivated eggplants, MBC increased firstly and then decreased in later stage, across all treatments, CK>BNPP-A>BNPP-B>BDM. Throughout the entire growth season, MBC in all treatments were greater than in CK, and underwent changes from increase to decrease. Eggplant experiment showed that change of soil respiration in BDM1, BDM2 and BNPP-B2 treatments could be split into three stages: decrease firstly, then increase, and decrease finally. In other treatments, MBC increased initially and then decreased. The inhibition effects of copper treatments on soil respiration was BDMï¹¥BNPP-Bï¹¥BNPP-A. |
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