| Copper-based nutritional protective agents(CP for short) were produced by the National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources. They had roles of sterilization and nutrition. In order to improve performances of these products, the manufacturing technique of vertical sand mill was studied. New suspension concentrates and dry flowable granules were development, on the basis of the original copper-based nutritional protective agent, according to the requirements of plant growth. These products included copper-based nutritional protective agents added potassium(CPK), nitrogen and potassium(CPNK), glutamic acid(CPGlu), compound amino acid(CPaa), calcium glutamic acid chelate(CPCa). Suspendability and nutrient content of these products was evaluated, according to the United Nations food and agriculture organization(UN/FAO) and the dry flowable granule quality standards of China. In addition, in order to explore the impact of copper-based protective agents(CP, CPZn B, CPFe and CPN) on the growth and yield of cotton, the potted and field experiments were conducted. Similarly, in order to explore the impact of copper-based protective agents(CP, CPZn B and CPFe) on the growth of peanut, the field experiments were conducted. Theoretical basis for the development, production and application of copper-based protective agents were provided by these results. The main results were as follows:1. The suspensibility of copper-based nutritional protective agent could be improved by vertical sand mill. The optimum technological conditions were as follows: rate of feed 400r/min, grinding time 30 min. Under the conditions, the particle size(D50 and D97) of product were 0.62μm and 1.19μm, respectively, the specific surface area was 4112.82m2/kg, and the suspension percentage was more than 90%.2. Calcium glutamic acid chelate was developed by using calcium hydroxide and L-glutamic acid with the mole ratio of 1:2, though hydrolysis method, under the method of hydrolysis. The optimum preparation conditions were as follows: concentration of L-glutamic acid 0.4g/m L, p H 6-8, temperature 70℃, constant temperature 30-90 min. The rate of chelation of product was 80% above under these conditions.3. The suspension percentage of SCPK, SCPNK, SCPGlu, SCPaa, SCPCa were more than 90%. The dispersibility, power of hydrogen, applicability of water qualities and temperature of these suspension concentrates were all up to the standard. The suspendability of DCPK, DCPNK, DCPGlu, DCPaa, DCPCa were fine. The suspension rates of them were in the range of 65%-85%. The power of hydrogen of them was in the range of 7.0-10.0. Also fineness, foamability, mobility, etc of products were up to standards. Different products had different nutrient elements to meet market demand.4. On the potted cotton experiment of 2013 and 2014, the lint yield was increased by 4.22%-13.38% and 21.89%-38.36% under four kinds of copper-based protective agents spraying on leaves, compared with the water. In addition, the weight of above ground dry matter of cotton plant was improved by 7.44%-19.38% and 10.25%-23.96%, compared with the water spraying on leaves. Meanwhile, the disease index was reduced by 26.75%-40.91% and 22.78%-37.78% under the copper-based protective agents spraying on leaves, compared with the water. Moreover, there was no difference among different kinds of treatments.5. On the field cotton experiment, the yield of four kinds of copper-based nutritional protective agents were not significantly, compared with the water spraying on leaves. Copper-based nutritional protective agents had functions of copper, iron, zinc deficiency. In flowering and boll setting stage of cotton(75d), the total copper content of cotton leaves of the copper-based nutritional protective agents was significantly increased by 22.92%-59.33%, compared with the water spraying on leaves. And the total iron content of the copper-based nutritional protective agent with iron of 2g/L was significantly increased by 27.35%-44.33%, compared with other treatments. Similarly, the total zinc content of the copper-based nutritional protective agent with zinc and boron, compared with the water spraying on leaves, in flowering and boll setting stage of cotton.6. On the field peanut experiment, the yield of copper-based nutritional protective agent with zinc and boron of 2g/L was increased by 6.12%-9.45%, except copper-based nutritional protective agent with iron of 2g/L, compared with other treatments. Respectively, it was raised by 8.74%, compared with copper-based nutritional protective agent with zinc and boron of 1g/L. The copper and zinc deficiencies of peanut leaves were corrected by spraying copper-based nutritional protective agents. In the mature period of peanut(121d), the total copper in leaves by spraying copper-based nutritional protective agents was remarkably improved by 36.89%-47.77%, compared with the water. And the total zinc in leaves by spraying copper-based nutritional protective agent with zinc and boron of 1g/L and 2g/L were increased by 40.65%-50.45% and 31.66%-40.83%, respectively, compared with other treatments. However, the significant effects of three kinds of copper of copper-based nutritional protective agents on total copper, zinc and iron contents of peanut grain were not found. |
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