Study On Cultivation Technique And Introduction Of Prunus Serotina

Black cherry (Prunus serotina), the largest of the native cherries and the only one of commercial value, is found throughout the Eastern United States. It is also known as wild black cherry, rum cherry, and mountain black cherry. Large, high-quality trees suited for furniture wood or veneer are found in large numbers in a more restricted commercial range on the Allegheny Plateau of Pennsylvania, New York, and West Virginia. Smaller quantities of high-quality trees grow in scattered locations along the southern Appalachian Mountains and the upland areas of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Elsewhere, black cherry is often a small, poorly formed tree of relatively low commercial value, but important to wildlife for its fruit.Black cherry grows from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick west to Southern Quebec and Ontario into Michigan and eastern Minnesota; south to Iowa, extreme eastern Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas, then east to central Florida. Several varieties extend the range: Alabama black cherry (var. alabamensis) is found in eastern Georgia, northeastern Alabama, and northwest Florida with local stands in North and South Carolina; escarpment cherry (var. eximia) grows in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas; southwestern black cherry (var. rufula) ranges from the mountains of Trans-Pecos Texas west to Arizona and south into Mexico; capulin black cherry (var. salicifolia) is native from central Mexico to Guatemala and is naturalized in several South American countries.Black cherry and its varieties grow under a wide range of climatic conditions. In the heart of the commercial range on the Allegheny Plateau of Pennsylvania and New York, the climate is cool, moist, and temperate with average annual precipitation of 970 to 1120 mm (38 to 44 in) well distributed throughout the year. Summer precipitation averages 510 to 610 mm (20 to 24 in), and the frost-free growing season is 120 to 155 days. Winter snowfalls average 89 to 203 cm (35 to 80 in), and 45 to 90 days have snow cover of 2.5 cm (1 in) or more. Mean annual potential evapotranspiration approximates 430 to 710 mm (17 to 28 in), and mean annual water surplus is 100 to 610 mm (4 to 24 in). January temperatures average a maximum of 1°to 6°C (34°to 43°F) and a minimum of -11°to -6°C (12°to 22°F). July temperatures average a maximum of 27°to 29°C (80°to 85°F) and a minimum of 11°to 16°C (52°to 60°F).This project has introduced 2 superior provenances of black cherry which respectively was the American Pennsylvania and the Canadian Ontario; these seeds were researched by accelerating germination disposals of different sand tibet time, mastering the accelerating germination disposal technology; the stage growth of different provenances were observed under the same condition and the nursery stock's physiological characteristic of different provenances was analyzed by the photosynthesis analysis system determination, selecting the suitable superior provenances. Studied and summarized that the basic characteristic of the black cherry which displayed in our country that was a new introduction area; we have determined the black cherry the vegetative reproduction method by the experiments of grafting breeding, hard branch cutting and all-optical tender branch cutting , being formed black cherry's growing seedlings and the afforestation technology. Superior trees were selected by high growth and the thick growth from little tree. The timber-physics mechanical properties was determined, discovering its scientific basis on material fine quality; the seedling type of the black cherry has been divided for the first time; the afforestation experiment were done under the different natural condition, determining suitable grows condition of black cherry. The physiology characteristic of black cherry were studied and the photosynthesis characteristic of the black cherry and the Chinese cherry were comparatived; drawing up P-V curve of he black cherry, calculating its moisture content parameter and comparatived with the drought resistance of 7 local tree seed's; Meanwhile photosynthesis's change has been researched under the different drought condition .