Study On The Breeding And Corresponding Cultivation Techniques Of High Yield And Quality Of Peanut Cultivar-Longhua 243

Against the background of breeding of Longhua 243, the paper carries out the research of the yield of Longhua 243 and its yield components influence on the yield, the different planting density of spring-planting Longhua 243 and the nitrogen phosphorus and potassium influence on the yield,as well as the different planting density of fall-planting Longhua 243 and types of fertilizer influence on the yield. Anyway, it is aimed to systematic summarization of the process of breeding of Longhua 243, and comprehensive evaluation of the high yield and quality of corresponding cultivation techniques. The results are as follows:This trial is through the sexual cross using pedigree selection method. with Quanhua 627(Quanhua 7) as the female parent and Tainan 13 as the male parent for superior tree selection, and through individual selection with many times, peanut line Longhua 243 was bred. Moreover, the pod yield of Longhua 243 are 280.18 kg/666.7 m2, more 12.0% than Quanhua 10 (CK); the yield of seeds attain 187.69 kg/666.7 m2, more 11.49% than Quanhua 10 (CK); the content of protein is 31.4%, more 3.38% than Quanhua 10 which only is 28.02%. by doing the high production and stability analyses,we can find that Longhua 243 is high yielding with excellent yield stability, and extensive adaptability. Stronger disease resistance, moderate resistance to Leaf Spot and Rust, medium susceptible to bacterial wilt.In the research of the yield of Longhua 243 and its yield components influence on the yield, yield regression equation of Longhua 243 between yield and yield components is determined as followed:: y= 5521.79201+33.83275821X3-510.5251344X4-31.518202548X5+280.56105435X8. By path analysis,various factors to affect yield is in order:productivity per plant>total fruit number per plant >weight per 100 kernel>kernel percent>main stem height> bearing branches number per plant> weight per 100 shucks> mature pod number per plant.In the research of the different planting density of fall-planting Longhua 243 and types of fertilizer influence on the yield, the results shows that the effect of different plant spacing on the yield is greater than the effect of types of fertilizer.Based on K-means, The best managment of the planting density of fall-planting Longhua 243 is 1.1 million hills/666.7 m2 (2 seeds per hill), and the optimal production combination of density and types of fertilizer is one-Time all layers of complex fertilizer,50 kg/666.7 m2, and it can improve effectively yield of peanut.In the research of the different planting density of spring-planting Longhua 243 and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium influence on the yield, the results shows that the yield increasing effect of the 4 factors is different, higher than the control group:density>nitrogen amount>phosphorus amount> potassium amount. The optimized application model among density and nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium, which can get 275.9 kg/666.7 m2 more than the target yield of spring-planting Longhua 243 is:1.412 to 1.466 million hills/666.7 m2 (2 seeds per hill); 46% carbamide of 13.65 to 15.215 kg/666.7 m2; 18% calcium superphosphate of 8.68 to 10.052 kg/666.7 m2; 50% potassium sulfate of 11 to 12.985 kg/666.7 m2.