Study On Introduction Breeding And High Yield Cultivation Techniques Of New Peanut Varieties

Peanut is one of major economic and oil crops with total growing area of 5000k hm2 and average yield of 2800㎏/ hm2 in China respectively. Henan province is one of the largest provinces in China for peanut production with total growing area of 1000k hm2 and average yield of 3000㎏/ hm2. Peanut is the largest oil crop and the third important crop in Henan and has great impact on promoting agricultural production and increasing farmers income in Henan, and even on oil production of China. Therefore, based on combination of our ongoing peanut research project and the need of local agricultural production, we have carried out the study of new peanut varieties introduction, breeding and high-yield cultivation techniques and achieved the following main results:1.Based on two year's comparative field yield testing, the yield of a new peanut variety Zayuan 9102 was increased by 25.65% and 31.40% in two years experiments compared with the variety of Baisha 1016 which was popularly used in local peanut production. With consideration of its biology, economic and yield characters, Zayuan 9102 will have the possibility to replace of Baisha 1016. At the same time, its suitable seeding time and planting density in local (Luohe City) were also determined.2.By application of covering plastic technique, it obtained the very good result. Plastic covering,at some extent, can raise soil temperature, lesson soil evaporation, improving soil fertility and controlling weeds in field. It also can prominently increase the rate of peanut emergence, especially sowed in dry season of early spring. Plastic covering can ensure the water supply at the seedling stage, and build a good fundation for peanut harvest. It also can increase biological and economic yield largly by making good use of nutrient and energy, coordinating each growing period and every organ, and effectivly playing its yield potential. It increased yield by 25.2% when peanut sowed in spring and by 17.7% in summar.3.GGR6 is a new, efficient, nontoxic, and broad spectrum green plant growth regulartor. It can complement exgenous growth hormone for the root growth and development, and promote endogenous growth hormone synthesis. Soaking peanut seeds in GGR6 with concentration of 20mg/kg could accelerate seedling emergence, and increase the length of main roots and the number of secondary roots. Spraying GGR6 at its flowering and pod setting stage can increase the percentage of plump pod and the weight of 100-pod, and its yield increased by 17%.4.We have made 66 hybrid crosses, gained more than 8000 hybrid plants and bred 10 new strains of peanut. Two strains have passed the qualification of taking part in the peanut regional and production trials of Henan province.5.We have achieved good social-economical benefits by introducing new peanut varieties (Yuanza 9102, Yuhua 14, Yuhua 15), extending tchnique of plastic covering and applying plant growth regulartor GGR6. At present, we have extented new peanut varieties 606 t, and its planting area have reached at 2300 hm2. The areas of using the tchnique of plastic covering and applying plant growth regulartor GGR6 reached at 3 khm2. The average yield increased by 623 kg/ hm2, and income increased by 20 million yuan.