Appraisal Of Village Farmland Production System And Vegetal Cover Optimization Configuration Research Based On GIS

With the increasing of population and demand of society to agricultural products, the contradiction of people and land increasingly is prominent, vegetation's allocation of land resources directly the influences of effects and sustainabilityof land use. Therefrom, the vegetation allocation becomes the important leading edge research subject of soil science, crop science, environment and so on. The study's object of this paper is the village Desheng which is a typical village in the Bashang area from the northwest of Hebei, on the basis of investing the production status of vegetation land by land and the essential factor of sampling soil feature in the hectometre square, utilizing geographic information system (GIS), the geostatistic method and Supermap and so on, analysing the spatial variability characteristic of the soil characteristic factors, and the relevance of spatial variability among disposition, total-nitrogen, Olsen-phosphorus and organic matter; on the basis of comprehensive analysis the soil use characteristic and problem of existence of the crop production in the village, using the polybasic square curve fits the rational relation between the different crop production and soil main characteristic in the typical sampling area; To move forward a single step to study the soil disposition as the subject target, to scale the soil resource in the village, utilizing the method linear programming (LP) finishes the study that optimizing configuration of the research area to the vegetation of different background. The study of this paper provides a technology model of ecology and economy for the vegetation optimizing configuration of wise use the soil resource, efficient put into effect cultivation agriculture using rain as the core.The main findings of this paper were as follows:1. Applied GPS to precise positioning, collected space information in the study region, collect the main characteristic elements such as soil texture, total-nitrogen, Olsen-phosphorus, organic matter and so on, and the spatial information of crop productivity in the study area, using the geographical information system to establish electronic map of land resources in the village.To analysis the using status of land resources by Desheng village, had been showed agricultural land area occupied large proportion, the proportion of cultivated land takes up 58.82% of the total land in the village; the land of agriculture appears the two-element character of grain-economy crops, Grain and oil crop planting the largest area, accounting for 48% of arable land; As economy crop ,beet,beans and potatoes planting acreage accounting for 34% of arable land. After the land classification, Desheng village 1~4 to account for 9.5% ,22.6%, 52.7%, 15.1% of the total arable land. 1 and 2 levels cultivated are very small, low--medium cultivated proportion very large. The current situation of crop collocation shows that naked oats, flax, beans, potatoes, sugar beet, millet and maize are grown in all prefecture-level, but the crop production was not appropriation in the suitable land and cultivation; forest area have has small proportion, the proportion takes up 11.38% of the village area, large proportion emerges stripped spread as the farmland shelter-belt. grass was scattered, some grass around the woodland, natural grassland degradation is very serious.2. Through the analysis of characteristic of soil shows, sampling area of soil nutrients is the lack of middle grade. Used the Fisher classical statistics and geostatistic method analysis to indicate that all of the coefficientofvariation of OM, TN, AP and soil texture were medium tenacity, four manure strength factor's coefficient of variation was the medium intensity. the exponential model is best fitted by the theoretical model of nutrient characteristics, texture characteristics is fit for the spherical model; the soil properties except AP, Texture, total nitrogen, organic matter the existence of the spatial distribution of positive correlation. The capacity of every sample as the dependent variable, the corresponding exture, total nitrogen, AP, organic matter as the independent variable conducts polybasic square regression model fit, and proceed the square regression equation reduction of dimensionality, preliminary explicit the basic relationship between soil main characteristic elements and farmland capacity. The analysis showed that AP, organic matter has not the decisive function to farmland capacity, soil texture and total nitrogen are the decisive factors for the farmland capacity.The statistics showed, soil texture has the significant positive relevance with total nitrogen content, and the soil texture has the positive stability. In the background of the wave continental plateau physiognomy in the Bashang from Hebei northwest, the texture is the main factor to appraise the best and worst and classification of farmland, therefrom becomes the subject accordance to farmland classification and vegetation collocation. Use 0~10cm surface soil clay content of physical as an indicator to divide farmland, soil physical property loam content categories: The 1st level soil physical property clay content>30%;The 2nd level,25~30%;The 3rd level,20~25%:The 4th level,<20%. The soil fertility of 1st level is highest, the 4rd is lowest.3. On the basis of farmland classification and the different capacity of every level farmland, to face the different situation to adopt the method of Linear programming to conduct the optimizing configuration of vegetation in village and indicate, not lower the every crop production of former planning as restrain, the plan of vegetation collocation which has the best economy benefit is the feasible and best scheme in the village. The features of this scheme is that the cultivation area of potato will increase 120.70%, the economy benefit all of the village will be more 64.80% than the former. At the present, in the closed farming system, the scheme of farmland crop layout needs to break the former cultivate style of banding, rebuild the land use structure, come out the scale benefit, and it is to the benefit of improving and initial realizing the area economy, society and ecology to keep sustainable development. And the vegetation collocation scheme of the whole marketization, because the conservative thinking of the local former, the vulnerability to the market danger and the weak local economy development basis and so on, make it is not situation chance to adopt. The analysis indicate that the improvement of the ecotone of farm and livestock in the Hebei northwest area, in the more degree need to depend the innovation of the regime of agricultural industry, not economical efficiency of the small scale production has already become the restricted factor to improvement of agriculture.