Microsatellite Genetic Diversity Of Four Chinese Unique Deer Species In Northwest Region

For scientific evaluation, protection and utilization of the Chinese unique deer species resources, the research analyzed the genetic diversity of four Chinese unique deer species in northwest China, which are 152 samples of Gansu wapti, Alashan wapti, Qiinghai wapti and White-lipped deer, in addition of Sika deer by microsatellite DNA markers using 20 primers chosen from cattle. The results showed as follows:1. Of 20 primers, 14 had amplified products. A total of 111 alleles were tested, including 27 unique alleles. In WH test, 2, 5, 1, 2 locis of Gansu wapti, Alashan wapti, Qinghai wapti, White-lipped deer were in accordance of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium separately, and all l4 locis in Sika deer were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In the analysis of the neutrality test of 14 locis, 9 were neutral locis,.2. Polymorphic information content (PIC) of Gansu wapti, Alashan wapti, Qinghai wapti, White-lipped deer, Sika deer were 0.523, 0.365, 0.554, 0.320, 0.390 separately. Expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.580, 0.446, 0.614, 0.397, 0.501 separately. Shannon information index (I), respectively 1.109, 0.819, 1.176, 0.694, 0.966. Effective number of alleles (Ne) were 2.884, 2.251, 3.066, 1.967, 2.523 separately.3. The Gst among five populations was 0.163, the 83.7% of genetic differentiation was caused by genetic polymorphism within three wapit populations, 16.3% existed among three wapit populations. The rusult of Fst indicated three wapit populations were in moderate differentiation, the Gansu wapti and Qinghai wapti showed the lowest differentiation. In five deer populations, Fis and Fit were positive value,which means all five deer populations existed inbreeding.4. The three wapti population gene flow (Nm) were greater than 1, the gene flow between Gansu and Qinghai wapti were greatest as 2.301. Comparring with all five deer populations, the gene flow is less than 1 among wapti, White-lipped deer, Sika deer.5. About the analysis of the Nei's genetic distance (Da) in three wapti populations, the genetic distance between Gansu wapti and Qinghai wapti was the shortest, between Qinghai wapti and Alashan wapti was the longest. In five deer poputions, the Nei's genetic distance (Da) between wapti and white-lipped deer was the shortest, between wapti and sika deer was the longest. The genetic clustering showed that Gansu wapti and Qinghai wapti were grouped at first, then Alashan wapti joined in them as the first group. Wapti group get together with white-lipped deer as the second group, and sika deer joining formed the third group.