Study On Mutagenic Effects By Spaceflight And SSR Analysis Of Cotton Mutants

By the first satellite of"shijian-8"specifically used for breeding in China, ten cotton cultivars (lines) dry seeds were treated, which contained 5 short-seasoned cotton cultivars (lines) and 5 spring cotton cultivars (lines). To research the changes of the agronomic and economical traits, we observed the SP1, SP2 and SP3. After 3 years research, a lot of excellent mutants were obtained. At the same time, the oil content, protein content and gossypol content of seeds were detected. Meanwhile, the DNA Molecular Polymorphism of mutant was analyzed. The research will contribute to the research of plant space mutagenesis mechanism. The main results were shown as follows:(1)The analysis of the agronomic traits and economic traits on ten materials showed that:"zhong 502181"showed great changes, while the strain of"zhong YS-4"was not obvious. To the"zhong 030041", we only found the fiber quality changes significantly. We also found that the frequency of deleterious variations was higher on plant height, fruit branches, lint percent and the rate of blossom before frost. However, excluding lint percent, the yield traits and the fiber quality had more favorable variations. There were no fixed trend of the seed germination rate between treatment and control. The results indicated that different materials had various responses to space mutation and different trends among all traits.(2)According to the research on the contents of oil, protein and gossypol of the space mutation seeds, we also found that: To SP2, the oil content of"zhong 030415"and"zhong 030041"was increased significantly than that of the control; the protein content was not obvious to all of the treated."zhong 502181","zhong 030415"and"zhong A3035", the content of gossypol were increased significantly. To SP3, the content of the oil increased significantly while the protein content decreased. The main effect of the space mutation was on the content of the oil and the gossypol not on protein content.The results of simple correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between oil content and gossypol content, but a significant negative correlation between oil content and protein content. The relation of oil, protein and gossypol on SP2 were same to SP3.In a word, because of the relation of oil content, protein content and gossypol content, it was very difficult to choose the individuals with the higher oil content, higher protein content and lower gossypol content.(3) Screening mutants: Different cotton cultivars (lines) showed various sensitivity to space mutation and could gain different numbers of fine mutants; The development of the mutants were different, most of them were earlier than CK, they can ahead by 1 to 10 days and we can probably obtained a series of new earlier maturing materials; The mutants we selected had excellent varieties and can obtained the same varieties on the offspring, they can use as a new germplasm.(4)Analyze the DNA Molecular Polymorphism of the varieties of cotton after space mutation, we found that: Different mutants have different polymorphic ratio; the same primers could obtain similar polymorphic bands on different materials. These results could also show that different cotton cultivars (lines) showed various sensitivity to space mutation. The results told us that it could cause varieties on DNA which caused by space mutation.