| Organic farming differs from conventional farming mainly in tillage methods, crop rotations, fertilizer applications, and pest control methods. Whereas conventional farming systems depend on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, organic farming systems avoid or largely exclude their use by relying upon crop rotations, manuring, mechanical cultivation, organic fertilizers, and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity, supply plant nutrients, and control pests. A field experiment was conducted during 2008 and 2009 to study the influence of organic farming on rice biological and yield traits, N, P, K utilization in rice, soil fertility traits and rice quality. The results are as follows:1. Using "Zhongzheyou 1" as material in 2008, bio-organic fertilizer experiment, the yield under application 1200kg.hm'2 bio-organic fertilizer is the highest of 7478kg.hm-2 with the decreasing of 16.91-21.24% to compare the traditional culture. Using "Zhongzheyou 8" as material in 2009, different cultivation models experiment, the yield decreased by only 1.37% to compare the traditional culture. This could be because of improving production management, pest control techniques or species differences in second year.2. Compared to traditional culture, application bio-organic fertilizer, the rice early developmental stage might be delayed, lower dry matter accumulation, slower tillering and rate of leaf. The rice mid-growth duration had higher dry matter accumulation, the maximum number of high tiller, acceleration of leaf. The late rice growing had lower spike rate, similar number of leaf life due to disease.3. Rice nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased with the growth of rice and to be the maximum at maturity. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of rice in different organs had significantly differences. N uptake in each organ distribution is characterized by: Spike> leaves> sheath> stems> roots. P uptake of each organ distribution is characterized by: Spike> stem> sheath> leaf> root. Potassium uptake in the distribution of various organs as follows:stem> sheath> ear> leaves> roots. Application bio-organic fertilizer improved rice maturity nutrient in panicle allocated proportion that shows organic cultivation beneficial to transfer plant nutrients to the ear.4. Compared to traditional cultivation, application bio-organic fertilizer improved the processing and appearance quality of rice, especially to raise rice milled rice 7.29%, chalky grain rate and chalkiness decreased by 31.3% and 9.25% respectively, amylase content decreased by 11.98% significantly, protein content increased by 3.38%. Application bio-organic fertilizer increased rice essential amino acid, non essential amino, amino total content high by 7.25%,11.21% and 9.86% than traditional cultivation.5. Compared to traditional cultivation, application bio-organic fertilizer, increased pH 0.26 units, CEC 0.35cmol.kg'1, significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased total soil porosity. Bio-organic fertilizer would increase soil aggregate structure to maintain the soil pH environment to close to neutral and it showed better effects on soil fertility than traditional compost.6. Application bio-organic fertilizer increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus with increasing of rice cultivation, but application fertilizer to improve the total phosphorus was better than application bio-organic fertilizer that may be because of organic cultivation had lower phosphorus input. The average soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus available potassium had increased by 69.76%,87.71% and 31.56% in organic farming system to compare the tradition culture. Soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass C showed the trend, bio-organic fertilizer>traditional compost>traditional cultivation.
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