| In order to study energy potential and conservation of species diversity, provide theoretical basis of further development and effective protection of Polygonum viviparum L., fruit yield, total sugar and calorific value was choosed to study its energy value in Hongyuan, Ruoergai and Songpan; Meanwhile, six wild populations was screened by morphological diversity and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to determine genetic diversity and relationship. Main results obtained were as follows:1. The evaluation results of energy value:(1) Fresh weight and dry weight of fruits, the overall significant difference in 7 plots (P=0.000<0.001). The highest yield was plot 3 (fresh weight 117.222g/m2, dry weight 46.226 g/m2), plot 6 was the lowest (fresh weight 20.933 g/m2, the dry weight of 6.223 g/m2). (2) Fruit total sugar in general was significant difference too (P=0.000<0.001), the highest was plot 5 (54.16%), which had no significant difference with plot 1 and 7, the lowest was plot 2 (44.22%), the average total sugar was 49.73%. (3) Combination the changes of fruit yield and total sugar, calorific value of Polygonum viviparum L.'s fruits in plot 2,3 and 7.was measured. The results showed that calorific value didn't show a certain regularity (15.78MJ/kg,16.16 MJ/kg,15.62 MJ/kg), the average was 15.85MJ/kg. (4) The correlation analysis showed that fruit dry weight appeared a significant negative correlation with altitude (R2=0.7822, P=0.026), a significant positively correlated with coverage of Polygonum viviparum L. and aboveground litter storage (R2=0.8854,0.9100, P<0.05); the relationships among total sugar,altitude,coverage of Polygonum viviparum L., aboveground litter storage and fruit dry weigh were not significant (P>0.05). Partial correlation analysis reached the same conclusion that aboveground litter storage was the most important factor to affect dry weight, various factors on the total sugar was not significant.2. All the morphological indexes abundant variance, the CV was from 24.71%～41.96%, the mean CV was 33.01%. As for the genetic diversity index, the Hswas 1.9216, and the Hin was 1.6143, the genetic diversity was mainly found within populations (84.01%), while among populations was 15.99%. The variation of each morphological was different. The result of cluster analysis was accorded with Polygonum viviparum L.'s similar altitude and geography distribution in Aba plateau, and 6 populations was clustered into three groups. Principal component analysis showed that Inflorescence length and weight, Fruits number and weight, Stem long fronds of Health, Stem leaf width of Health, Height were important traits in explaining the morphological diversity of Polygonum viviparum L.3.15 RAPD primers amplified total 163 bands, each primer produced 10.87 bands, and 128 of them were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) was up to 78.53%. Higher genetic diversity was both observed at species level (H=0.306,I=0.459) and population level (H=0.214,I=0.318). Based on genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) 0.300, most of genetic variation of Polygonum viviparum L. was within populations (70%). AMOVA analysis (∮ST=0.2901) and genetic differentiation coefficient based on shannon diversity index also support the above conclusion. The populations could be clustered into three groups based on GD which was accorded with Polygonum viviparum L.'s similar altitude and geography distribution.
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