| In order to evaluate effects of different row spacing patterns on population quality and grain yield and quality and absorption of fertilizer of wheat-maize double cropping system, four high-yielding wheat cultivars with different spike types, Yumai 49-198, Zhoumai 22, Yanzhan 4110 and Aikang 58, and a high-yielding maize cultivars Xundan 20 with high-yielding potential, were cultivated in field condition. The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Xunxian Agricultural Science Institute, in wheat growing-season of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. Under field conditions, two row spacing were established as wide-narrow row spacing cropping patterns (15 cm + 25 cm), equal row spacing cropping patterns (20 cm + 20 cm). Thus two grow patterns were established for maize after wheat was harvested to evaluate absorption of N, P, K fertilizer in grains of wheat and maize.The main results were as follows:1. The results showed that the total group stems number display a single peak-curve with the growth of the crop. The tiller peak appeared on erecting stage for Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 and Yanzhan 4110,It is up to 2103～2686×104/hm2, and the spikes on maturity were 595～694×104/hm2.The trend of leaf area index followed the same trend,and the peak appeard on booting stage,the biggest leaf area index was up to 8.43～8.55, it came down to 3.5～3.6 on 24 days after anthesis. The trend of dry matter weight present"S"form dynamic, and the dry matter weight was over 18 t/hm2 on maturity of different wheat variefies. The Grain weight per leaf area of Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 and Yanzhan 4110 were 10.98,10.38,10.48,9.07 respectively.And the grain-number per leaf area was about 0.21. The population total stems number, spikes per plant, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 were relatively higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns (S1), however Yanzhan 4110 was relatively higher under equation row spacing cropping patterns (S2). The results of variance analysis showed that effects of wheat cultivars were significantly greater than effects of row spacing patterns.2. The research indicated that production l00 kg grains consuming N,P,K were 3.21 kg, 1.21 kg and 4.52 kg under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns, respectively. While under equation row spacing cropping patterns, the absorption needs N 3.23 kg, P 1.10 kg and K 4.37 kg, respectively. On average, to produce every 100 kg maize grain,the plants should assimilate N 2.15 kg, P 0.14 kg, K 1.55 kg under intercropping, while production l00 kg grains consuming N,P,K were 2.19 kg, 0.14 kg and 1.57 kg under monoculture. For Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58, the absorption of N, P and K in the grain and straw were higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns than under equation row spacing cropping patterns, however, Yanzhan 4110 was higher under equation row spacing cropping patterns. For maize, the absorption of N, P and K in the grain and straw were higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns than equation row spacing cropping patterns.As for Yumai 49-198, Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58, the harvest index of nitrogen was much higher under equation row spacing cropping patterns, on the contrary Yanzhan 4110 was higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns. The phosphorus harvest index performanced Yumai 49-198 and Yanzhan 4110 were higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns, and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 was higher under equation row spacing cropping patterns. The kalium harvest index was higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns for Yumai 49-198, Zhoumai 22, Yanzhan 4110 and Aikang 58. For maize, the harvest index of nitrogen and potassium and phosphorus were higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns than equation row spacing cropping patterns.3. The results indicated that decrease of soluble sugar content was coincident with increase of starch accumulation in grains of winter wheat. The content of soluble sugar in grains of narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns was relatively higher, and the transformation of soluble sugar was relatively faster than that of equal row spacing, thus promoted starch accumulation in wheat grains. For different wheat cultivars, the content of protein in grains of Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 were relatively higher under equation row spacing cropping patterns, however, Yanzhan 4110 was relatively higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns. For different row spacing, viscosity parameters and farrinograph parameters and extensibility parameters of Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 were relatively higher under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns, however, Yanzhan 4110 was relatively higher under equation row spacing cropping patterns. In conclusion, it was showed that narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns was propitious to improve quality of Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58, whereas equation row spacing cropping patterns was propitious to improve quality of Yanzhan 4110.4. The results showed that under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns, the appearance of the maximal grain filling rate of Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 22 and Aikang 58 were later, also grain filling rate, spike number, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight were higher than equation row spacing cropping patterns, however sterile spikelets per spike was lower under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns, so grain yield was than equation row spacing cropping patterns. Whereas for Yanzhan 4110, equation row spacing cropping patterns obtained relatively higher grain filling rate, spike number, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, yield. There were no significant effects of different row spacing on maximal grain filling rate, duration of grain filling stage, average grain filling rate, and grain weight was mainly due to appearance time of maximal grain filling rate. The variance analysis results indicated that the influence of cultivar on grain yield was greater than row spacing. The results also showed that under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns, maize yield and grains per spike were higher than equation row spacing cropping patterns, its value is 15.8% and 16.2, but there were no significant effects of different row spacing on 100-grain weight. For different row spacing, the yield of wheat-maize double cropping system under narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns was higher than equation row spacing cropping patterns, its value is 10.4%.In conclusion, it was showed that change from 20 cm equation row spacing cropping patterns to narrow and wide row spacing cropping patterns, it was propitious to use soil fertility, space resource, light and heat resource, as well as propitious to increase wheat yield, and also propitious to interplant of wheat and maize, then achieve purpose of high quality, high yield, high efficiency of wheat-maize double cropping system. The results also showed that Aikang 58 and Xundan 20 was the most suitable patterns of wheat-maize cropping system.
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