| Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most important nut tree species in the world, which is belonging to the genus Juglans L. Walnut has a high nutritional value, with high content of fat, protein, carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid, mineral elements, vitamin and et al. Walnut is an important oil nuts and woody species, because of its good ecological and economic benefits, the distribution cultivation spreads the six continents around the world. In this study, germplasm resources of jizhaomian-walnut which were collected from Shandong province were systematically evaluated through morphological characteristics, changes of nutrient content and correlations, aiming at offering scientific basis for choosing the moderate nut and improving cultivars selection and culturing of walnut.The main results are as following:1. The results showed that the morphological diversity of jizhaomian-walnut germplasm resources was high among walnut germplasm. The nut shape among 118 walnut germplasm resources was mainly flat round and round, shell texture was mainly pocky. The floodwalls and diaphragm were membranaceous ordegradation, shell suture line was wide and bulged, kernel colour was yellow, kernel sapor was sweet and crisp, ease or removal of kernel halves was easy. The fruit horizontal diameter varied from 4.19~6.32 cm, fruit vertical diameter from 3.91~5.64 cm, fruit side drive from 4.15~6.62 cm, single fruit weight from 37.91~133.63 g, fruit peel weight from 26.27~104.51 g, pericarp thickness from 0.43~1.13 cm. The nut horizontal diameter varied from 3.21~4.68 cm, nut vertical diameter from 3.06~4.23 cm, the nut side drive from 3.03~4.81 cm, single nut weight from 9.30~23.86 g, single kernel weight from 3.70~11.34 g, kernel percentage from 31.36%~60.71%, shell thickness from 0.08~0.26 cm. The variance analysis indicated that there were significant variation within strains (P<0.01).2. The results of the morphological diversity of jizhaomian-walnut nutrients showed as following: In 100g walnut kernel the average protein content was 17.19 g, ranging from 13.31~21.72 g, the average fat was 62.87 g, ranging from 54.18~68.32 g, the average soluble sugar was 4.81g, ranging from 3.04~7.26 g, the average water was 3.57 g, ranging from 2.88~4.15 g, the average ash was 1.63 g, ranging from 1.42~1.89 g. The variance analysis indicated that there were significant variation within strains (P<0.01) among protein, fat and soluble sugar.3. The jizhaomian-Walnut kernel contained 17 kinds of amino acids, including seven kinds of essential amin acids, which took 29.15% of the total amino acid contents. The total amino acids content in 100 g walnut kernel was 18.83 g. The highest content was Glutamate (3.72 g), followed by the Arginine and Aspartate (3.03 g and 1.87 g). The three contents took 45.80% of the total amino acid contents. Five compounds in Jizhaomian-Walnut kernel were identified, and they were linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and their contents were 69.49%, 11.26%, 9.87%, 5.92%, 3.10%. The content of unsaturated fatty acid in kernel took 90.62% of total fatty acids, coefficient of variation was small (CV was 0.81%). In 100 g walnut kernel the average eight mineral elements and VitaminE was as following: K was 299 mg, Ca was 80.83 mg, Mg was 227.5 mg, P was 474.5 mg, Fe was 1.75 mg, Mn was 85 mg, Zn was 2.49 mg, Se was 0.103 mg, VitaminE was 3.59 mg.4. Significant linear correlation was found between the fruit side diameter and fruit vertical diameter of jizhaomian-walnut (R2=0.807). Choosing the equation (y=-123.915+31.821x) of the fruit side diameter and the fruit weight was more accurate to predict the fruit single weight. Significant linear correlation was found between the nut side diameter and nut vertical diameter of jizhaomian-walnut (R2=0.677). The three side diameter and nut vertical diameter were all significantly correlated with the nut single weight. So, choosing the equation (y=-16.708+5.115x1+1.771x2+1.620x3) of the nut side diameter and the nut weight was more accurate to predict the nut single weight.5. The nine main economic characters of jizhaomian-walnut strains were analyzed using principal component analysis and synthetic indexes analysis. The jizhaomian-walnut was arranged according to the different processing types. The top five were N9, N8, N85, N2, N75 strains which were used for nut. The top five were N114, N5, N85, N71, N75 strains which were used for oil. The top five were N85, N36, N51, N88, N96 strains which were used for kernel. The results were close to their actual phenotypes, and provided theoretical base for selection of excellent Jizhaomian-Walnut strains and their utilization.
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