The Expression Of VHL, HMLH1 And Ki-67 In The Transitional Cell Carcinoma Of Bladder

Objective: Bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) is the most common malignant tumor in urinary system. About 50% papilloma and well-differentiated papillary carcinoma recur after operation, while recurrence rate was as high as 80%~90% in poorly differentiated BTCC. The prognosis of BTCC was closely related to differentiation of tumor. Although easy to recur, 10-year survival rate could reach 90% for the patients with bladder papilloma and grade I BTCC, while that for the patients with poorly differentiated BTCC (grade III) was only 40%. There are still no reliable early predictors for recurrence and invasion of BTCC in clinical practice. In the past few decades, as the rapid development of immunological and molecular biological technologies, different tumor marks, such as BTCC tumor associated antigens (McAb) M344 and 19A211; oncogene: c-erbB-2, c-ras, c-myc, c-jun, mdm2, etc, for BTCC were evaluated for their significance in diagnosis, prediction of invasion and recurrence as well as prognosis, yet the sensitivity and specificity was not satisfactory enough. Thus, people have been diligently seeking for other early predicators for early diagnosis and assessing prognosis.VHL (von Hippel-Lindau) gene is tumor suppressor gene...