| Objectives Analyzing the change in placental structure in the mother-to-neonate vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the reelation of HBV transmission with placental Hofbauer cells. Investigating the relationship between mother-to-neonate vertical transmission of HBV and the neonatal DC-SIGN gene diversity, so that provid the new tips for the prevention and control of vertical transmission of HBV.Methods One hundred and fifty-six pregnant women with seropositive HBsAg and HBV-DNA were determined in prenatal care, and HBsAg and HBV-DNA from peripheral blood of their neonates were assayed 24 hours after birth. Congential infections were diagnosed if serum HBsAg and HBV-DNA positive in their neonates. So, 21 cases (seropositive HBsAg and HBV-DNA in both mothers and their neonates) were divided into Group vertical transmission (VT), 135 cases (seropositive HBsAg and HBV-DNA in mothers, but seronegative HBsAg and HBV-DNA in their neonates) were divided into Group non-vertical transmission (NVT). In addition, 30 cases (seronegative HBsAg and HBV-DNA in both mothers and their neonates) were selected into Group control. The general structure change in placentas, the correlation of HBV transmission with placental Hofbauer cells were determined by photomicroscopy and inmumohistochemical techniques; the utramicrostructure change in placentas were determined by transmission electronic microscopy. Neonatal DC-SIGN gene diversity by molarcularo- biological techniques, and the relationship between the mutation of DC-SIGN gene and HBV congential infections was analyzed.Results (1)necrosis, edema, villi capillary sclerosis, intravillifibrosis, fibrinoial sendimentation, morphokarrioleukocyet, lymphocyte and granulocyte were observed in placentas both Group VT and NVT. There were less necrosis, edema, but structure integrity, villi slenderness and pykno in the placentas of Control. (2)Placental HBsAg postive rate in Group VT was 100%, but 58% in Group NVT.
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