| Objective It is well known that sympathetic nervous system play a key role in myocardium reconstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of +46A/G,+79G/C,+491C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofβ2-Adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) with left ventricular hypertroph (LVH) in Kazak of xinjiang. Methods The study subjects were selected randomly from Xinjiang Kazakhs who lived in pasture area of Hefen,Fuhai and Fuyun county . After questionnaire and physical examination,All subjects were divided into two groups according to absence or presence of LVH determined by the electrocardio–graphy criteria and the Romhilt-Estespoint-score system. Finally,more than 370 subjects were recruited in our study. The index of hypertensive subjects were selected on the basis of the following criteria:1)systolic blood pressure≥140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥90mmHg 2)Free of secondary hypertension due to renal insufficiency or diabetes mellitus. Genomic DNA were conventionally extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes by proteinase K digestion of nuclei. Phenol extraction was followed by ethanol precipitation of the DNA. We measured their ADRB2 gene +46 A/G,+79G/C,+491C/T polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP method and tested the association of the polymorphisms and haplotype with LVH. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS,version 13.0. A P vale of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Differences in the genotypes and Allele frequencies between groups were determined withχ2 procedure. Group mean values were compared with the use of the t or F test procedure. Estimation of haplotypes frequency and analysis of Linkage Disequilibrium were performed with SNPAlyze softwares. Results (1) We confirmed that +46 A/G,+79G/C,+491C/T genetic polymorphisms are also exist in Kazakans. All of genotype distributions of the three polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (2) The distribution of all genotypic and allelic frequencies had no significant difference between LVH and NLVH groups (P>0.05);(3) When to analyze the tendency in frequencies of genotypes and alleles of +79G/C,+491C/T according to gender,it was still not found significant differences in LVH and NLVH (P>0.05). However,we found a significant difference of genotypes and alleles frequencies on +46 A/G between LVH and NLVH in male (P<0.05). (4) Pair wise LD analysis found there were no significant linkage disequilibrium in three SNPs. (5) 4 haplotypes were observed in our population,and we found 11 haplotypes were higher than 1%,which could explain almost 100% chromosomes. The most common haplotype was 46G-79A-491C (41.18%),next was 46G-79G-491C (33.65%). (6) There were no significant difference of all haplotypic frequencies between LVH and NLVH groups. Conclusion Our study suggest that the +46 A/G variants of ADRB2 gene may be association with LVH, and the GG genotype might be the protective factor of LVH in males of Kazakh population. Neither +79G/C nor +491C/T polymorphisms might be associated with LVH of Xinjiang Kazakhs. There were no significant cooperative influence between the three SNPs of ADRB2 gene and the development of LVH of Kazakh population. |
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