| IntroductionIodine deficiency disorders(IDD) are a series of disorders resulted from iodine deficiency in human surroundings.The harm of IDD includes endemic goiter,endemic cretinism,especially brain development backward of different levels.China is one of the countries threatened severely by IDD.The health department and the international organization support and pay lots of attention to the public healthy problem IDD.Our country has done lots of scientific researches in many aspects since 1993,and Universal salt iodization(USI) was adopted in 1994 as the national strategy.The iodine level of the population has been improved since the implement of USI.In 2000,the stage goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) has basically been reached. However,when the IDD is controlled,taking in too much iodine is becoming a problem, drawing many experts and researchers' attentions.Thus,to investigate the iodine's level in population,especially the focus groups,has become a more crucial problem.Our target is to amplify the benefit of the iodine addition and to limit its side effect through monitoring the population's iodine level and adjust the amount of the iodine's addition.To understand the iodine's concentration in salt in Shenyang's resident and the current situation of the iodine nutrition of the pregnant women,the breast feeding women,the infants and the school-age children,to evaluate whether.the concentration of iodine in salt can satisfy the need of the iodine nutrition of the focus groups,to adjust the iodine's concentration in salt and to provide the scientific basis for uptaking iodine properly,we carry on this survey. Object i ve and methods1.Objects and sampling methods1.1 Sampling methods of the iodine salt of the residentNine countries among the thirteen districts of Shenyang in random were investigated,selecting two countries each in east,west,south and north part and one country in the center part.Four villages in each country were selected.288 samples of the iodine salt were got in each district.3744 samples were got in total,1440 samples in five urban districts and 1152 samples in four rural districts.1.2 Sample method of the urine of pregnant women,breast feeding women and infantsOne street in each of the eleven urban districts in Shenyang with the method of cluster sampling in different levels were selected.The urine of all the pregnant women over three months,the breast feeding women and the infants less than twelve months were measured.1669 urine samples of pregnant women over three months,215 urine samples of breast feeding women and 81 urine samples of infants less than twelve months were collected totally.1.3 Sample methods of school-age childrenThirty schools in thirteen districts in Shenyang were selected in random,the children are at the age of eight to ten in each school and collected their urine sample. 1200 urine samples of school-age children in total were collected.2.Methods of sampling and detectionThe urine samples were put in the polyethylene plastic tubes,sealing the tubes, keeping them under-20℃.The urinary iodine(UI) were measured until the collect all the samples.All the salt samples were measured with the method of direct titrimetric method (GB/T13025.7-1999).The standard of the iodine concentration in salt is 35± 15(20- 50)mg/kg.Results1.The results of the salty iodine measurement1.1 The results of the measurement of the salty iodine in resident of ShenyangOur survey gets 3744 salt samples of resident,the result shows that the average qualified rate of the iodine salt in Shenyang resident is 97.38%,and the mediate number of the iodine in salt is 31.7mg/kg.1.2 The survey results of the average salt intaking of residents in ShenyangThe statistical results of the situation in Shenyang in 2007 show that 30,040 ton salt has been sold in Shenyang in 2007.There are 7,200,000 persons in Shenyang.Each person consumes 11.42g iodine salt every day.2.The UI level of the focus groups in Shenyang2.1 The UI results of the pregnant women over three months in Shenyang1669 urine samples of pregnant women over three months were got,the UI range is from 76.8μg/L to 665.5μg/L,and the mediate of UI is 243.4μg/L.The proportion of the UI under 50μg/L is 0,and above 300μg/L is 14.08%.The analysis of the UI level of the pregnant women in all the three parts by ANOVA shows that there is no significant differenceamong them(P＜0.05).2.2 The UI results of the breast feeding women and infants less than twelve months in Shenyang215 urine samples of the breast feeding women were got.The detection result shows that the UI mediate is 174.2μg/L,and the proportion of the UI under 100μg/L is 25.12%,above 300μg/L is 20.50%.We got 81 urine samples of infants,the UI mediate is 204.5μg/L,and the proportion of the UI above 200μg/L is 53.09%.2.3 The UI results of the school-age children in Shenyang1200 urine samples of the school-age children were got.The UI mediate is 172.5μg/L,the proportion of the UI under 20μg/L is 1.25%,above 300μg/L is 7.75%.DiscussionThe USI was adopted since late 1994 as the national strategy.In 2000,the stage goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) has basically been reached.And the iodine nutrition levels appear to be higher than the average in some provinces.Thus our country decreased the iodine salt concentration to(35±15) mg/kg in late 2000. This survey of the iodine salt shows that the proportion of the iodine concentration in salt from 20mg/kg to 50mg/kg is 97.38%,and the mediate of the iodine salt is 31.7mg/kg.Every person uptake 362μg/d each day,which is higher than 150μg/d recommended by Chinese nutrition association,showing the level of the iodine in salt should be decreased in our city.However,when the deficiency of the IDD is controlled,taking in too much iodine is becoming a problem,drawing the attentions of the experts and the researchers.Thus, to monitor the iodine's level in population,especially the focus people,has became a more crucial problem.Our target is to amplify the benefit of the iodine addition and to limit its side effect through monitoring the population's iodine level and adjust the amount of the iodine's addition.The UI detection result of infants shows that the mediate of UI is 204.5μg/L,the UI excretion is 102μg/d every day,which is in the safe range of the baby's iodine uptake amount formulated by the Chinese nutrition association.The UI detection result of the 1200 school-age children shows that the mediate of UI is 172.5μg/L,which is in the ideal situation recommended by the Chinese nutrition association. This survey's result shows that the iodine uptake amount of school-age children in Shenyang is in an ideal situation at the moment.The iodine uptake amount of the focus groups like the pregnant women,the breast feeding women and the infants is in a well situation and can be decreased.However,our investigation only monitors the urine sample for convenience.Some researchers thought that the iodine in urine should be paid attention to in the using progress.As a result,the other quota of the sample can be measured when the range of the investigated population is expended if the measurement of iodine nutrition need further study.ConclusionThe iodine uptake amount of school-age children in Shenyang is in an ideal situation at the moment.The iodine uptake amount of the pregnant women,the breast feeding women and the infants in Shenyang is in a higher situation compared to which recommended by the Chinese nutrition association and the WHO.The iodine concentration of salt should be decreased.
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