| Zanthoxylum is a common condiment which the main chemical composition comprises essential oil, alkaloid, amide, lignans, coumarin, flavonoids, fatty acid, etc. Zanthoxylum from different producing area have different components and content. Due to climatic conditions, soil properties, origin, variety, and many other factors, essential oil very rare have exactly the same composition and the same content analysis result. This article compared the steam distillation, solvent extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction, GC-MS fingerprint technic was introduced in the Zanthoxylum essential oil analysis and established the method for content determination of limonene and linalool by GC. The result showed as follows:(1)This article compared the steam distillation, solvent extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction, with the conclusion that simultaneous distillation extraction was the best method to extract the Zanthoxylum essential oil. And further optimized the extraction conditions of simultaneous distillation extraction. The preparation conditions were:pulverized the dry Zanthoxylum to 40 mesh granularity, with absolute ether as solvent,5 minutes ultrasonic, simultaneous distillation extraction for 3 hours.(2)This study was on the fingerprint of Zanthoxylum essential oil, and established analytical conditions for Zanthoxylum essential oil. GC conditions:Rtx-Wax capillary column, (0.25μm×30m×0.32mm,100% PEG stationary phase); programmed temperature, column temperature 40℃, maintained 1 minutes,3℃/min rose to 65℃, then 10℃/min rose to 90℃, and then 1.5℃/min rose to 120℃, finally 10℃/min rose to 230℃, maintained 5 minutes; split ratio 25:1; carrier gas was high purity He, column pressure of 50 kPa, the flow rate of 1.OmL/min; injection port temperature 250℃; interface temperature 250℃; solvent delay time of 2.5 minutes. MS conditions:El electron source, ion source temperature of 220℃, scan range 35-450 m/z, the standard library NIST05.(3)In this article, we analyzed the essential oil of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc and Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim from Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Gansu regions with GC-MS, established the finngerprintings of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc and Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim separately. The fingerprint of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc had 20 common peaks, while the Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim had 11. After cluster analysis of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc essential oil,16 batches of samples were clustered into four categories, which were from the Hongyatengjiao Base of Sichuan, Shaotong Yunnan, Chongqing, Jinyang Sichuan. After cluster analysis of Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim essential oil,16 batches of samples were clustered into four categories, which were from the Dayoujiao, Guojia Town/Qinan County/Tianshui City/Gansu Prov., Qingan County/Tianshui City/Gansu Prov., Jinchuan County/Aba State/Sichuan Prov., Wenchuan County and Hanyuan, Lianngshan state/Sichuan Prov..(4)In the 32 batches samples of Zanthoxylum, Zanthoxvlum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc essential oil content varied from 9.62 g/100g～13.61 g/100g, while the Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim from 6.79 g/100g～12.20g/100g, and there was a significant difference of essential oil content between Zanthoxvlum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc and Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim(P<0.01). In the Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc essential oil. average percentage of common peak area was 88.39%, which terpenes average percentage of 41.95% peak area.56.06% percent alcohol, ketone 1.99%. In the Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim essential oil. average percentage of common peak area was 75.90%, which terpenes average percentage of 52.59% peak area,34.50% alcohol, ester 12.91%.(5)By GC. established the method for content determination of limonene and linalool. obtained the regression equation of limonene Y=306213X-8925.9 (r=0.9997, n=7), linear range 0.4765mg/mL～9.5300mg/mL, and the regression equation of linalool Y=225875X+25659 (r=0.9994, n=8). linear range 1.0535 mg/mL-23.1300 mg/mL. As a result of content analysis of limonene and linalool in the Zanthoxylum essential oil, the content of limonene ranged from 2.9401 mg/g～29.1082 mg/g. The limonene content of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc essential oil was average of 12.8883 mg/g, while the Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim was 14.0397 mg/g. no significant difference. The content of linalool ranged from 1.5702mg/g～114.2165 mg/g. and the linalool average content of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc oil was 9.13 times of Zanthosylum Bungeanum Maxim,72.5295 mg/g and 7.9406 mg/g. And there was significant difference of linalool content between Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc and Zanthosvlum Bungeanum Maxim(P<0.01). There was no significant correlation between the limonene and linalool content.With fingerprint analysis of Zanthoxylum essential oil. the study of Zanthoxylum essential oil turns from qualitative and quantitative analysis of single ingredient to group analysis of active ingredient, which reflect the inherent quality of Zanthoxylum more scientifically and accurately. Therefore, the fingerprint of Zanthoxylum essential oil can provide the basis for the establishment of traditional Chinese medicine standard fingerprint, as the mode of Zanthoxylum distinguishing and quality control, and there are both innovative and practical significance.
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