| Objective: Esophageal cancer is one of the cancers that seriously threat the human health and life, the incidence of esophageal cancer is high in my country ,the morbidity ranks first in the world, and the mortality rates is second only to that of gastric cancer and lung cancer . The level of the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer is still unsatisfactory at present, most patients had been the middle and late stage when the disease had been found. The current method of treatment of esophageal cancer is mainly surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy , but the survival rate is still unsatisfactory and 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. How to early detect esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions and how to early control the development of esophageal cancer, early how to improve survival rates and prolong survival time of patients has always been a matter that health care workers concern.Regenerating factor Iα(Reg Iα) is one of the calcium-dependent lectin family which includes a group of secreted proteins. They are secreted by pancreatic andβcells nerve cells and the digestive system epithelial cells at acute phase response, with a variety of functions with the tumor occurrence, development, transfer. In this study, the expression of the Reg Iαin normal esophageal mucosa and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was study by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and immunohistochemistry method and the method of ELSIA and analys the relationship between the differences expression of the Reg Iαand the clinical pathological features,Before and after surgery in patients with in vivo Reg Iαexpression levels change. And explore the clinical significance of its expressionMethods : We collected 30 specimens of the esophageal cancer from the Hospital of Hebei Province People and Hebei Medical University 4th Hospital at the time Oct—Dec in 2008. The specimens confirmed by pathology were squamous cell carcinoma, 20 cases of normal esophageal mucosa as normal tissue controls. Semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Reg Iα. The expression of Reg IαmRNA was detected by RT-PCR , after the esophageal cancer and esophageal normal mucosa of total RNA extracted, the RNA integrity was determinated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Prepared cDNA according to RT-PCR kit instructings , configured 20μl PCR reaction system adding self-100ng cDNA samples,adding primers amplified,gel-imaging device to scan,recorded the specific DNA fragment amplified gray,compared the fragment grayscale of target gene and the GAPDH gene amplification, its ratio as the relative expression levels of mRNA . The expression of Reg Iαin esophageal tissues was detected by Immunohistochemical method ; according to 0 ---- 3 + rating criteria :0 --- no color or less than 10% of the tumor cells showed positive staining ; 1 +---- more than 10% of the tumor cells showed weak staining partly ; 2 +---- more than 10% of the tumor cells showed the weak staining; 3 +---- more than 10% of the All tumor cells showed strong staining.The source patient's blood samples: 30 patients blood with esophageal cancer were abtained before surgery a day and seven days after operation, obtained serum after centrifugation;20 healthy blood donors serums as normal controls.ELISA was used to examine the expression level of regenerating fator Iα(Reg Iα)in the patients with esophageal cancer .Evaluation of results: Subtract the average zero standard optical density to the readings for each standard, control, and sample. Create a standard curve by plotting the mean absorbance for each standard on the y-axis against the concentration on the x-axis and draw a best fit curve through the points on the graph. The samples read from the standard curve acording the optical density .Statistical Methods: all data were analysed by SPSS13.0 statistical software forχ2 test or rank sum tests and t tests, P value <0.05 was statistically significant.Results:1 The expression of Reg Iαin normal esophageal mucosa and esophageal cancer tissues : the expression of Reg Iαwere negative in 20 cases of normal esophageal mucosa, but in 30 cases of esophageal cancer tissues the positive rate was 60% (18/30 ). The positive rate of Reg Iαwas significantly differences between the two groups (P <0.05).2 The expression of Reg IαmRNA in the normal esophageal mucosa and esophageal cancer tissues:The expression of Reg IαmRNA in esophageal was significantly higher than the normal esophageal mucosa. the two groups Reg IαmRNA expression gray scale values were: 1.132±0.247 (esophageal cancer), 0.719±0.176 (normal mucosa); there is significant differences at the expression level ,(P <0.001).3 The relationship between the expression level of Reg Iαand the pathological features of esophageal cancer: Divided the patients into different groups according to the pathological features, there were no significant correlation between the expression level of Reg Iαand tumor size, invasion depth of tumor (P> 0.05); but there were significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation and the tumor metastasis (P < 0.001).4 The expression level of RegIαin patients'serum with cancer of the esophagus obviously higher than the normal control group, P=0.011; And the expressesion level were to obviously dropped after cancer of the esophagus excised, P=0.03.Conclusions:1 The expression of Reg Iαwas highly expressed in esophageal cancer and negative expression in normal esophageal mucosa.2 The expression of Reg Iαwas significantly correlated with esophageal cancer differentiation and metastasis , its expression may be involved in esophageal cancer cell differentiation and transfer mechanism. No found the association between the expression of Reg Iαand the other pathological features of esophageal cancer. 3 Reg IαmRNA expression in esophageal cancer were significantly higher than that in normal esophageal mucosa, it can be used as a marker for early detection of esophageal cancer.4 The expression level of RegIαin patients'serum was significantly changed after resected the esophageal cancer ,so its expression was related with the occurrence of esophageal cancer.
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