| Objectives: To set up the animal model of male New-Zealand rabbit with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and to observe the effect of the testis and the spermatozoa in cauda epididymis under OSAHS and treated by mandible advanced device (MAD). So that to provide laboratory data for treatment of male reproductive system damage caused by OSAHS in clinical patients, and to provide theoretical bases for the preventation of sterility caused by OSAHS in children.Methods: Thirty male New-Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and ten rabbits in each. Three groups were obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome group (group OSAHS),mandible advanced device group(group MAD) and control group. A total of 2ml polyacrylamide hydrogel were injected into rabbit soft palate of group OSAHS and group MAD when the animals were snored with intermittent apnea. After injection, cephalometrical data of the upper airway width at upper 1/4 point, middle point and 3/4 point in dorsal position were significantly decreased compared with normal control group. The data shows that the saturation of blood oxygen after injection decreased by 22% than that of control group. Animal model of OSAHS was set up successfully. Group MAD animals were worn mandible advanced device (MAD) and animals in control group did not receive any treatment.10% Chloral Hydrate was perfused by mouth of the animals in three groups by 5-6ml/kg, and slept 4-6 hours by dorsal position was performed every day for 8 weeks. After sleep for 8 weeks by dorsal position, the animals of three groups were anaesthetized with 1% pentobarbital sodium and expose right testis, then a small piece of sample of testis which was at the cross of longitudinal axis and lateral axis was obtained, and was put into pre-cool 4% glutaraldehyde followed by dealing with transmission electron microscope (TEM) samples and embedded with Epon 812, ultrastructure of testis were observed under Hitach-7500 TEM; meanwhile the left testis was cut and put into 4% paraformaldehyde followed by paraffin imbedding and HE staining, then tissue of testis was observed under AX-80 universal microscope. Under the same anesthetic situation, left cauda epididymis was obtained and put into 5ml Sodium Chloride of 37oC. Cut up the sample and mixed well with the Sodium Chloride then strained with a strainer of 200 mesh. Observe the number, viability, motility rate and abnormal rate of spermatozoa in the diluted liquid.The statistical analyses for cephalometry, blood gas analysis, the number of spermatozoa, the viability rate, motility rate of spermatozoa and the rate of teratospermia in cauda epididymis were performed by using the SPSS13.0 statistical program (P<0.05).Results: The cephalometric data of the upper airway space of group OSAHS at 1/4 point, middle point and 3/4 point of the upper airway space were significantly decreased comparing with that of group MAD and control group respectively (P<0.05), while the upper airway space of group MAD was more wider than control group with not any significant difference(P>0.05).The result of blood gas analysis show that the saturation of blood oxygen, partial pressure of oxygen and pH of both group OSAHS were more decreased significantly than that of group MAD and control group (P<0.05), the data of partial pressure of carbon dioxide of group OSAHS was more increased significantly than that of group MAD and control group (P<0.05). These above measures had no significant differences between group MAD and control group (P>0.05).Histologic observation of the tissue from the injection site found that hyalo-white jelly which was invested integrally in the soft plate could be seen by naked eye, and the jelly was tenacious and flexible. Under light microscope, connective tissue pellicle comprised elastic and collagen could be seen at the exterior of jelly, and the jelly was cross-link with sharp limitation with circum-tissues.In naked eye, there was no visible change of testis of the three groups. Observation of the testis under light microscope, the seminiferous tubule in the testis of OSAHS group animals were irregular in form and the substance in the tubule was decreased compared with the normal control group; the layer of the spermatogenic epithelium were disordered; the cells swelled and plenty of round cells which endochylema were in red and the cell nuclear chromatin were gathered were observed in the seminiferous tubule. While of the MAD group animals, only some of the spermatogenic epithelium were disordered; some round cells which endochylema were in red were observed. The spermatogenesis cells in control group animals were well organized and no edema of cells were observed.Transmission electron microscope observation: the mitochondria of spermmatogenic cells were swelled slightly and some mitochondria were vacuolated. The extension of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed in OSAHS group and the rough endoplasmic reticulum degranulated and the cell nucleus swelled and defected. No obvious swelling and vacuolization were observed in MAD group and the endoplasmic reticulum extended and degranulated slightly. None of the above changes was observed in the normal control group.The number, viability rate and motility rate of spermatozoa in cauda epididymis were observed a significant decrease in OSAHS group animals while the rate of teratospermia a significant increase (P<0.05). In MAD group, the number and viability rate, motility rate of spermatozoa decreased slightly and the rate of teratospermia increased slightly, which have no statistic significance(P>0.05). The correlation analysis of the saturation of blood oxygen and the rate of teratospermia were found negative correlation.Conclusions: The damage of spermatogenic cells and the decrease of the sperm quality caused by hypoxia was improved significantly by treating OSAHS with mandible advanced device.
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