The Research On The Agriculture Loan Of KMT Rule Area In The Anti-Japanese Wartime

In the 1930s, Chinese agriculture withered as rural economic was in recession, agriculture productivity was weak , land rent and field tax were heavy and usury spread badly in the rural. The national government carried out agriculture loan in some areas to recover agricultural finance, improve agricultural productivity and increase crop output. In prewar times, though agriculture loan had some problems like the amount of lending was not enough, few areas were involved and lending time was short, it still had some achievements. After the breakout of the anti-Japanese war, Chinese territory was occupied and grains, as army supplies, were increasingly demanded, therefore, in order to make supplements for the war and establishment of the country, it was necessary and urgent to improve the policy of agriculture loan, enhance agriculture productivity and make rural economic dynamic.As the important way to develop agriculture and rural economic for the national government, agriculture loan was inevitable to change with great changes of society, politics and economics, so it could be divided into several stages and each stage has their characteristics. From 1937 to 1944, the agriculture loan in the KMT rule area experienced four stages, namely, all-round stage (1937-1939), regulation stage(1940), climax stage(1941) and shrinking stage. (1942-1944).National government had formulated a series of rules ,policies and measures for carrying out rural loan in the wartime ,and it had specific stipulation and requirement for orgnization system, object,purpose,category,interest,time limit ,quota,surety and recovery,which were in specific operation,and during which there would be a certain characteristic and difference in the variety of categories and different time .The agriculture loan of the wartime in the country led a large sums of money the into rural area and the department that relate to rural area ,which stimulated the finace of rural area,improved its production capability ,increased the food production ,moreover ,it provided security for ensuring the necessities and maintained social stability through reducing victims.At the mean time ,it was a blow to usury ,which had impact on the changes of structure and constituent of rural area .However,it still have such problems as limited lending , the unreasonable proportion of argriculture loan ,the complicated fomalities and the corruption in the concrete operation ,and all of these made rich landlord benefit a lot more than peasants ,what's more , as the limitations of tightening of agriculture loan ,its effect was limited and cannot change the appearance of rural area radically.