| Sibe, Uyghur and Kazakh are all main minorities in Xinjiang, which lives there for about 200 years. These minorities'language all belongs to Altaic branch, but they are in different sub-branches. There are plenty of pronunciation corresponding words and Similar meaning words in Sibe language , Uyghur and Kazakh, we called these words—shared words. This kind of phenomenon attracts Linguists a lot.The appearance of shared words makes us hard to define homology and loan of words. Homology is a terminology in Phylogenetics, which means things have same resource. Homology in this essay refers to shared Altai; Loan relationship happens on condition of national exposure because of historical migration, culture, geography and national psychology. This essay neither makes sure of homology, nor loan relationship, but agrees with that they coexisted in shared words. The essay picked over a hundred shared words out from 3 different languages, screening them by the way of voice structure analysis in Altai Linguistics, meaning analysis in modern semantics, to ascertain their homology relationship. Meanwhile, their historical relationship should be investigated according to culture and historical information so as to seek for historic traces in the process of forming and developing of Sibe, Uighur and Kazakh, loan relationship can be proved by this process. The final goal of this essay is: by comparing and analyzing Sibe, Uighur and Kazakh, shared words in these three languages can be defined with the method of distinguishing cognates and loan words. However, these methods can also be used in the study of any other Altai languages.The first chapter mainly introduced a previous study situation of this area, history of Sibe, Uyghur and Kazak, and language using in these minorities. The second chapter mainly discussed how to find cognates in shared words according to predecessors'methods of ascertain cognates, plenty of examples are needed while illustrating one's own outlook; The third chapter introduced Uyghur and Kazak loan words in Sibe language, analyzed culture communication of these three different minorities. The fourth chapter introduced common loanwords in Sibe language, Uyghur and Kazakh, which including common loan words from Mongolian, Russian, Chinese. To show that geography, culture, national psychology will influence words formation. The last part is a conclusion, in which some methods can be summed up to distinguish cognates and loanwords with examples. In the mean time, some unable researching loanwords was illustrated because of objective reasons.
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