The Plight Of The Chinese Laborers In The Early Stage Of The U.S.A(From The Years Of 1865-1894)

This article takes the Chinese laborers groups who worked on the Central Pacific Railway in the United States as the starting point and it states the contributions and sacrifices of the Chinese laborers who were in the process of the railway construction from four aspects. At the same time, the article which takes the plight of Chinese laborers as a perspective analyses the reasons and conditions of American who then hid behind the anti-Chinese. And meanwhile, it talks about the process of the leaving-China labour policies and its changes in modern Chinese history and analyses the causes of the situation of Chinese laborers. The article can give references for the future research.From three aspects, the preface of this article discusses the study object of this dissertation, the study status and the significance of the study.The main body of the article is divided into four parts:The first part is the background of Chinese laborers to the early Americ for living. The section deals with the background of the American railway construction and gold mine discovered which caused a large number of Chinese laborers to be kidnapped and were taken to the United States and the Chinese laborers rushed to America in the gold rush for living. It also deals with that the Chinese laborers started on their way to America as a result of the weak internal and foreign affairs of their Qing government and their longing for the basic right to live.The second part is the Chinese laborers and the American railways and gold rush. This section mainly deals with the hardship of the Chinese laborers who built the railroad and mined for gold in America. It once again shows that they had made contribution to the prosperity and the development for America through the statement of the facts.The third part is the contributions of the Chinese laborers to the American economic. After 1865, more and more Chinese laborers went to America because of the "pull" of U.S. and the "push" of China. Chinese laborers in America worked hard and devoted themselves to various fields of Western United States, such as mining industry, railway construction, agriculture, light industry, manufacturing industry and service industries. with their own hard work, The Chinese laborers had provided abundant capitals for the development of the early agriculture, industry, business and finance of American capitalism and had made made an inestimable contribution to the development of the Western United States.The fourth part is the United States'Exclusive-Chinese policies and the tragic fate of the Chinese laborers. It discusses the establishment of the policy of restricting and prohibiting Chinese laborers from entering America and the Chinese laborers'plight in constructing the American railways and other industries, the American government's Exclusive-Chinese policies and the racial discrimination policy which the United States persued. From 1882 to 1893, the U.S. Congress successively passed six Chinese exclusion acts in succession, by means of the domestic laws gradually forming a policy of absolutely prohibiting any Chinese laborer from entering the country which was in conflict with Sino-America treaties.Qing government and U.S.government signed Sino-America Labor Treaty (1894). In order to " protect the Chinese in the U.S. ", Qing government made some concessions to accept the U.S. policy of "prohibiting Chinese laborers from entering the U.S.", and in return the American government recognized the right of transit and permitted the return of the Chinese labors owing certificates to the U.S. The signing of the Sino-America Labor Treaty (1894) made U.S. government's policy of restricting and prohibiting the entering of Chinese laborers legal in international law and marked the final establishment of the policy.At the end of this article, it talks about that the Chinese laborers took risks and made a long trip to leave for the United States with discrimination and torture. They worked with the local residents to explore the U.S together. They made a great contribution to the development of the earlyeconomic of the U.S. Their contributions should also be admitted with Europeans', but they had suffered discrimination and abuse under the influence of its majority white being large and with the white race being superior to the yellow race in the U.S. That was not fair. The Chinese laborers had to fight against the capitalists'exploitation on condition that the Qing government was unable to protect them.