Comparison Study Of Management Model Of National Park Among America, Japan And Germany

Since the first national park of the world-Yellow Stone National Park was set up in America, national park system has got effectively and widely developed in many countries or areas in the world. As the creator of national park, America has established comprehensive national park system which protects most of important natural and cultural heritages. Japan and Germany learns from America and have set up respective natural park management system, too. National park system plays an important role in heritage protection of the three countries and they all have established mature national park management models following their own national situation.In our country, Taiwan Province first established national park in accordance with international model. In our continent area, the application of national park system in resource protection has begun. Yunnan Province first launched national park system construction. In 2005, Potala National Park was finished. It is located in Three Parallel Rivers of Protected Areas. The first real national park is Tangwanghe National Park. In September of 2008, Tangwanghe in Heilongjiang Province was chose as the first experimental unit of national park by Environment Protection Department and National Tourism Bureau. Tangwanghe is a primitive forest area with the reputation of "Korean Pine Hometown". It is considered as the first national-class park because of getting building approval from national departments. In the process of building national park, especially in primary stage, it is very necessary to gain rich management experience from foreign countries. The article chooses typical national park management models in the world about America, Japan and Germany and attempts to provide reference for our country through analyzing the characteristics of national park management models of the three countries and forming reasons of them.The article first introduces national park history, development situation and management condition of American, Japan and Germany. On this basis, it makes national park management model comparison among the three countries from six aspects which are management principle, management structure, operation way, participation mechanism, legislation and money collection. In the process, the article exhibits the similarities and differences among management models of the three countries. In the end, it makes experience summary of management models of the three countries and gives seven suggestions to Chinese national park construction according to Chinese situation. They are sticking to sustainable development principle, building unified management organization, devising special laws, emphasizing public participation, innovating money collection mechanism, enforcing separate management and applying franchise operation system.The research indicates that it is necessary to sticking to sustainable development principle, keeping public product personality, unifying stake-holders and defining clear property right in the process of Chinese national park construction.