The Research Of Shaanxi Epidemic Disasters In Qing Dynasty

Epidemic disaster is a natural disaster which caused by the acute infectious disease and claimed large-scale death and destruction. Epidemic disaster have existed since ancient times, Shanxi province's epidemic disaster in Qing Dynasty was an integral part of the plague disaster history, which makes it unique of time and space distribution. From 1644 to 1911 of Qing Dynasty, Shanxi province's epidemic disaster breaks out once every 4.4 years, and frequency was 23%. On temporal distribution angle, it usually break out in summer and fall, the times of Xianfeng and Tongzhi was multiple period of epidemic disaster. As time went by, Shanxi province's epidemic disaster present the gradual increment trend and the frequency was increaseed obviously, especially after Daoguang dynasty. On directional distribution angle, the central Shaanxi plain was the continuous area of Shanxi province's epidemic disaster. However, the north of Shanxi was excess central Shaanxi plain in Guangxu dynasty, the centre of gravity of Shanxi province's epidemic disaster move to the north region.Shanxi province's epidemic disaster in Qing Dynasty has a close association with natural disaster, war and local climate, hygienic habit and housing conditions. In most cases, the prophylactic-therapeutic thought was resorts to divinity guide. At the same time, when the plague disaster occurred, government, local gentry and ordinary people take the difference kinds of prophylactico-therapeutic measures. In later Qing Dnasty, Qing government was faced with troubles at home and aggression from abroad, the responsibility of prophylactic-therapeutic was carry out the transition to local gentry and ordinary people.After the Second Opium War, western medicine was introduce to Shanxi province, and which make some change about people's prophylactic-therapeutic thought and measures, especially the Shanxi province's public health service had a a decided change which influenced by western medicine, and contributed to Shanxi's public health service modernize.