The Prevalence Of Epidemic Disasters And The Change Of Public Health Consciousness In Northeast China During The Republican Period

During Republic of China,epidemic diseases was particularly rampant in Northeast region,seriously threatening people's life and health.This study was Futher analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of epidemic diseases,the interaction between public health system and epidemic diseases,and the change of public health consciousness.Here are our conclusions:Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics:Epidemic disaster occurred every year during Republican period.On the inter annual distribution,the frequency of epidemic disaster was 100%,and Heilongjiang province was lower than that of the other two provinces.on the seasonal distribution,the autumn is the high incidence seasons of Epidemic disaster,followed by summer and spring,and the winner is the slightest;the Density,width and thickness of the three provinces were increased,and Liaoning province was higher than that of the other two provinces;on the county distribution,at the junction of three provinces,especially in the north of Liaoning province,the counties are always a high value gathering area.Study on species of epidemic disease,plague and cholera are the most virulent infectious disease.Frequency of epidemic disaster of plague is 94.7%.There are three years that has the most high county high value,1921,1930,1946.It spread widely in autumn and winter,lowest in summer.The breadth of the epidemic reached 41.67%.the plagues decrease from the north to the south in the whole.The distribution of the overall volatility of cholera is not large,there are three large-scale spread,respectively,1919,1932,1946,they are all imported into the field.It is prevailing In summer and autumn,less in spring and winter.Frequency of epidemic is 59.72%.The overall distribution shows a trend decrease from south to the north.The Songnen Plain and Liaohe Plain are more frequent,densely distributed along the railway disaster counties.The impact of the epidemic disaster on public health system is below:health administrators do not act what they should do,insufficient funds caused by public health administrative system cannot respond effectively to the epidemic disaster.Due to the lack of doctors and medicine,epidemic disasters cause a large number of deaths.The doctor is overwhelmed to take care of everyone,and it is also difficult to preserve their own life.Hospitals are filled with casualties,shortage of funds,resulting in the health service system can not effectively deal with sudden public health accident.People never pay attention to keep the water clean,food safety,street renovation,more serious is they abandoned corpse against humanity nature.Traffic quarantine is emergency action,difficult to promote injection prevention,it is difficult to establish a complete and efficient quarantine and epidemic prevention system.The response of the public health system to the epidemic:health administrative system mainly take the following measures,such as forming a temporary anti epidemic agencies,working out epidemic prevention plan,providing issuance of vaccines.As for health service system,in normal hospital,they receive and cure patients that suffering from disease,send doctors to participate in treatment,set up a temporary quarantine hospital,Send a medical team to grassroots and rural areas to make up for the lack of normal hospital there.As to health and epidemic prevention system,health administrative departments pay attention to environmental sanitation,clean water,corpse treatment;epidemic prevention and quarantine departments set up anti epidemic agencies,implement traffic quarantine,seaport quarantine and compulsory vaccination;civil society provide free vaccination,set up a charity hospital,bury the corpse etc,from the government to the people,they take a variety of measures in their own way to curb epidemic spread.The evolution of public health consciousness reflects the changes of epidemic prevention system,epidemic prevention custom,epidemic prevention ideas and customs.The institutional change for epidemic prevention system is the formulating environmental health regulations,food of epidemic prevention laws and regulations,school epidemic prevention laws and regulations.The change of the customs of the epidemic prevention is gradually getting rid of superstition practices on epidemic prevention,the formation of the epidemic prevention custom of the society and the development of the good habits of daily life.In view of the change of the thought of epidemic prevention,the scientific epidemic thought of the prevention and control of infectious source,cutting off the transmission route and protecting the susceptible population was formed.