On Joint Venture At The End Of Qing Dynasty And The Beginning Of The Republic Of China

At the stage of the capitalism transforming into imperialism and witli the large-scale development of industry and the export of capital, joint venture enterprises emerged in the world. It has affected investment country and enterprise-in-country respectively. After the Opium War and with the western countries invasion, the industrial products of capitalism entered into China's narrow and small feudal market. Foreign investment infiltrated into many fields of China gradually. The investment of setting up enterprises occupied a dominant position. The enterprises built directly by foreigners in China were jojnt venture enterprises except the large number of wholly foreignowned enterprises. Being the special history reasons, joint venture enterprises played an important role in modern China's economic development. Its economic activities varied greatly and complexly. It's very important to know Ihe situations of modern joint venture enterprises. It not only contribute to propelling study of modern economic history of China ;but also afford us useful lessons for managing the joint venture enterprises perfectly. For this question with academic research value and practical significance, there are a few people set foot in it. This thesis deals with the joint venture at the end of QingDynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China so as to promote the study of it and at the same time consult with seniors and fellow students on this question.The end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China was a transformative period. During this period, joint venture enterprise was an important form. It was an imitative enterprise of western and was under the influence of political situation. This paper, according to the data collected by Wang JingYu, Chenzhen ,Yang Zhongping, Zhang Yanghen, Wang Tieyan, mainly deals with the historical development, the distribution area, the trade framework ,the enterprise category and the fund source of enterprise as well as analysis its positive and negative roles etc. On the basis of former analysis, I put forward a statistical chart of enterprises at that time.The joint venture sprouted in the great upsurge of Chinese citizen becoming shareholders before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. But the Westernizeation representive of LiHongzhang considered the foreign shares as on thin ice .Thus kind of traditional conservative ideas affected Qing government's policies. It prevented joint venture from spreading in China. Since 1985, after MaGuan Treaty, the foreign-funded enterprise was permitted to be set up in China .Qing government slackened restrictions on joint venture and at the same time advocated and encouraged the foreign investors set their feet in mining industry and sectors of railways , communications and transportation .After the Revolution of 1911, Qing government was overthrown .However the joint venture was not disappeared along with Qing Dynasty's collapse. On the contrary, it has got an unprecedentedly grand occasion. The joint venture permeatedthrough all trades and professions. The joint venture began to deal with a wide range of restaurant industry, tourism, insurance industry, financial industry and other tertiary industries except that it preserved great proportion in miming industry.From the angle of its laws, the joint venture enterprises could be classified into three types .They are: foreign company possessing Chinese shares .China company possessing foreign shares and cooperative enterprises. The fund of them is from home and abroad . In point of domestic, there were two forms of capital. One is private capital ,the other is government or public capital. In point of foreign .there were four kinds of capital: foreign private personal capital, foreign government capital, the capital robbed by western in vaders or the reparation by China and the bond issued by corporations. The analysis of its capital origin has contributed to a better understanding the joint venture enterprises' characters and functions.The joint venture has a great influen...