A Study On The Mental Quality Structure And Its Developmental Characterisitics In University Students

Studying the university students' mental quality is the objective needs of carrying out the Quality Education in universities and promoting the healthy development of the students' mental. It is also an important task of constructing the psychological theory about the Quality Education with Chinese characteristics. Owing to the research on the university students' mental quality is just in the beginning, its achievements are relatively fragmentary. It is weak in the theoretical research and lays particular stress on speculative exploration. The study that combines theoretical analysis and empirical method is very poor. There is lack of measurement instrument aimed at university students, so it is hard to investigate systematically the developmental characteristics of the university students' mental quality.In view of these problems, the target of this research is to disclose the structure of the university students' mental quality, to compose a questionnaire for them and to explore the developmental characteristics of their mental quality. The procedures are as follows: firstly, construct a theoretical structure model based on the literature summation and the half open-ended and half close-ended inventory survey; secondly, make out a initial questionnaire for the university students' mental quality according to the structure model and apply it to investigation in order to obtain the empirical structure of the university students' mental qxiality, then form the formal questionnaire; and lastly survey the developmental characteristics of the university students' mental quality with the self-designed formal questionnaire. Following are our mainresearch conclusions:1. After researching on the mental quality of 2548 students from 13 universities, we can conclude that the structure is of multi-dimensions and multi-levels including 3 basic dimensions, 10 factors and 26 components. The cognitive dimension is comprised of reflectivity, creativity, practicality and meta-cognition; the personality dimension consists of motivation, emotion, will and ego characters; adaptation dimension is constituted by self-oriented adaptation and social-oriented adaptation. The empirical structure model can be conformed to the theoretical constructive model.2. "The questionnaire of the university students' mental quality" has been composed based on the theoretical constructive model and the empirical research. It has been proven to be of fine validity and reliability through examination.3.The sex differences exist in the university student' mental quality. On the whole, male students are with higher mental qualities than females.4. As a whole, there is no difference from one university to another.5.Differences of the mental quality exist among those students who come from urban and rural areas, obviously in the entire mental quality and cognition, personality and adaptation dimensions, with those who come from cities higher than from countryside in the mental qualities.6. Differences of the mental quality exist apparently among those students learning various kinds of majors. The changing order is as follows: finance > engineering > liberal arts > science.7. Differences of the mental quality exist outstandingly among those who are from different grades. The mental quality of sophomore is the best, and the seniors is the poorest, that is, sophomore > junior > freshmen > senior.