On Modernity: Exceeding The Conflicts Between Ideal And Reality

The "modern" era is associated with the European Enlightenment, which begins roughly in the middle of the eighteenth century. Modernization is often used to refer to the stages of social development, which are based upon industrialization. It is a diverse unity of socio-economic changes generated by scientific and technological discoveries and innovations, and it is also a new type of civilization, which is based as socialization and industrialization and informationalization of production. Modernization has abundant connotation, and is a developmental and international conception, also it is a process of continuous evolution and it is at the core of modernization of economy. As the different condition of every state, the modernization of every state and district will take her own characteristics. Modernization is still the goal that the Third-world countries have been pursuing so far. To realize modernization is to achieve modernity. But modernity it self has became a problem in its place of origin while we are trying to obtain it. Being suspected, interrogated with torture and criticized, modernity has turned into an object which must be exceeded presently. The philosophical idea, which means philosophical consciousness and spirit, is fundamental to the modernity of social economy, political and culture. The consciousness of reason, which aims at rationality and creating order out of chaos, is most essential to the philosophical spirit of modernity. The assumption is that creating more rationality is conducive to creating more order, and that the more ordered a society is, the better it will function (the more rationally it will function). Reason is regarded as fundamental to modernity, but believes that distortions occurred during the development of reason, resulting in problems of modernity. Enlightenment ideas with instrumental rationality, that is, knowledge, could control nature and thus leading the enlightenment movement from emancipation to slavery. They are the products of socialrationalization. Instrumental rationality is not simply a concept concerning control of nature introduced to social life. In the process of conquering nature, what instrumental rationality faces are natural substances that can be quantified and simplified. But the new capitalist society in the 20th century is composed of lives of numerous activities of individuals of different characters, varying abilities and with contradictory objectives. The problem of "modernity" mainly stands as the contradictions and conflicts between the ideal of Enlightenment and social reality, rationality and non-rationality. The concept of modernity itself is a paradox, so we should analyze and introspect it by regarding it as a kind of structure that contains inherent "conflict". In nature, to exceed modernity is to exceed subject/object philosophy. "Modernity" is a major subject that draws the close attention of contemporary thinkers and theorists in the ideological world, among whom Marxists take an important position in the inquiry into the issue. Denying the intuitionistic ways of viewing the world on the basis of "absolute noumenon" ,Marxist philosophy resorts to practice, regresses to the realistic and perceptual life, perceives the world and Being as an unceasingly generative and visible process. We should reconsider the modernity of Marxist philosophy so as to better understand the trend and ways of exceeding modernity. "The fate of modernity" has thus made up the basic concerns of the whole of Marxian Philosophy. His dialectical position on "pluralistic unity" concerning the subject of modernity injects into his philosophy the expansion of thought and dialectical wisdom. Thus, a vast space has been provided for the later generation to understand and interpret "modernity".