The Practice,Distress And Influence Of Jiangshu's LocalSelf-Government In Later Qing Danasty

The local self-government ,practiced from later Qing Danasty , had been carried out intermittentiy for tens years to the days of The Republic of China , and might be called an important content among the modern china's society life, for it had a great influence on the society life of Qing Danasty and The Republic of China. At the present time, research on this period combinded with reality issue will contribute refered value and referenced significance to the practice of current villager self-government , to the construction of urban society and mass organization, as well as to the deepgoing to the reform practice of politics rigime, to introduce theories such as civil society, public sphere,society resource distribution literarily and practically.In the section of foreward, both the present research condition on local self-government and the author's research method, guiding thinking, the major point to explain will be briefly introduced.The text is divided into three sections.The first section present the macroscopic background of the Jingshu's local self-government practice, namely the source and course relation of the thinking developing, the inevitable result of characteristic of local politics structure, the result of ecnomic reform and the strength of gentry force, the influence of the forming of the civil society, the chang of culture elite's life history after the abolishment of imperial examination system, the influnce of the rise of new type cluture and education. The process and the distinct characteristic of two stages of the practice divided at 1908 will also be detailed presented.The second section analyses the cause of distress from various angles. The first point mainly analyses the shortcoming and the forming cause of the pattern of government sponsored of the Jingshu 's local self-government in later Qing Danasty, analyses its conflict with genty sponsored, which is deemed in essence as the result of the conflict between the two state－society patterns；the second point analyses the finance, which claimed that the finance crisis in the later QingDanasty ,the utility nature in the reform of state tax and local tax , the public property and fund investigate in the practice, the increased taxes and levies are all play a nagative influence on the practice；the third point analyses the culture resourse, which claim that after the abolishment of the imperial examnation system, the booming of new type of cluture and education enterprise in Jiangshu resulted in a disperse of culture resourse, which controdict the monopoly on it by Qing Danasty, in addtion aiso claim that the massive lower level people were excluded from the owner of culture resourse, which had a side－effect on the practice.The third section review the influence both from the active and passive side. But more attention was paid on the passive influence,i.e.the utilization and nativization in the system introduce, the sharpening of the society controdiction manifested as mass uprising and merchant uprising.In the end, the occurrence foundation, the function aim, the structure chracteristic and the actual practice as well as effectiveness of the modern politics regim are explained on the basis of the analysis of the practice, the distress cause of the Jingshu' local self-government in later Qing Danasty, thus, the univeral exoerience from the politics reform in Qing Danasty and politics moderation are concluded.