The History Evolution Of America Oil Security Strategy (1973～2000)

As the blood of modern society, oil is a very important strategic resource. Because of geological factor, distribution of oil is not equal in the world. The developed countries are depended the import oil in the large scale.In 1970s,the West had undergone twice energy crisis (1973-74Arab oil embargo and 1979~80Iranian revolution shock). Oil crisis result in oil supply disruption and price increase which not only affected domestically economy, but also created some important foreign policy problems for United States. It did vitally harm to American national interests. Thus oil security strategy is a very important part of the general national security strategy.In order to protect oil security, from Nixon administration to Clinton administration had adopted diversified measure, included political, economic and military. The United States has formed its oil security strategy, which backup its hegemony.The thesis consists of introduction, main body of seven parts, conclusion and references.Introduction expounds the important role of oil played in international politics.Part one of main body expounds 1970s the change of international oil regulation;Part two expounds response of Nixon administration; part three expounds response of Carter administration; part four expounds response of Regan administration; part five expounds response of Bush administration; part six expounds response of Clinton administration; part seven summarizes American oil security strategy.Finally, expounds 1990s the change of international oil regulation and analysis the tendency of American oil security strategy.