An Review Of Kant's Metaphysical Program Appeal In The Dimension Of "Saving Newton"

As the representative figure of empiricism,Newton's system of science and philosophy is huge and occupies important theoretical weight.But under the combined background of scientific crisis and logical crisis,Newton's analytical logic can not be crossed.On the contrary,Descartes seems to have found a kind of matses that can go straight to the truth,realized the logical transcendence,solved the relationship between man and God,and made "rationalism" occupy the theoretical legitimacy highland of philosophy and become the mainstream of western philosophy.This development led Newton's scientific and philosophical programs to be labeled "empiricism" and gradually marginalized by philosophy.But Newton devoted his whole life to seeking a way of transcendence to make his own system have theory self-evident,paramitality,realize logical transcendence and thus bring into the system of only theory.Through the analysis of induction,principle exhaustive,experimental verification and other ways for the philosophical defense of scientific rationality,however,the inference that "cardinals" around the celestial theory of the formation of the truth concept,in essence still do not think that Newton's system has absolute truth.At this time Newton fell into an awkward situation,unable to make their own system to achieve real transcendence.Kant certainly agrees more with Descartes' theory of rationalism in philosophy,but obviously prefers Newton in the evaluation and determination of scientific value.Therefore,Kant tried to confirm Descartes' philosophical achievements at a higher level(innate),and under this premise,through the inverted statement of Newton's system,it evolved into the logical branch of the natural science system of rationalism.So as to save Newton,which is not in common with rationalism,but also to make rationalism transcend the limitation of analytical logic and expand into the common foundation of all mathematical science.In this process,Kant finds the reason why Newton's empiricism distinguishes itself from other natural sciences: Newton's scientific system moves from analysis to synthesis,so that it can be phased from synthesis to innate.Therefore,Kant tried to erase the boundary between Newton and Descartes by building a new metaphysical system by establishing innate comprehensive judgment.Kant believes that all the core problems of Newton's system exist in the innate comprehensive judgment,and congenital ensures the leap of theory from limited experience to infinite experience,so that Newton's hypothesis can reach the truth directly,and this is exactly the case of Newton's three definite laws.Thus,in Kant's view,Newton's problems can be solved as long as metaphysics is constructed.It can be seen that Kant saved Newton by constructing metaphysics and incorporated Newton's empiricism into the thought system of rationalism in a special way.Based on the above writing ideas,trace back to the source,because western philosophy has moved towards the mainstream of rationalism development path,thus triggering the debate between rationalism and empiricism,finally Descartes' rationalism was adopted,Newton and other empiricists' theories were subverted.This triggered Newton's pursuit of the truth of his own system,although "through a hundred battles" trying to prove the perfection of his own system Newton is still the end of the road,but he made a great contribution to the development of empiricism,Kant was after discovering the particularity of Newton's empiricism,trying to save Newton's empiricism.Therefore,this paper is divided into four parts,the first part is to explore the western philosophy of rationalism.Looking back on the background of western philosophy,from the ancient Greek period plato pushed the question of truth to the other side of the world,to reveal the western philosophy of the relationship between this shore and the other,focusing on the scientific crisis and the logical crisis of the background,western philosophy towards the mainstream of rationalism development road.The main content of the second part is the process of western philosophy moving towards rationalism.Descartes,the father of rationalism,described the process in which logic seemed to transcend possibilities by discovering Mathesis,and the obstacles encountered by empiricists in the process.The third part focuses on the development of the system of Newton,the representative figure of empiricism.The first half is intended to reveal the essential relationship between theology and science through early science such as Copernicus and Kepler.Thus highlighting Newton's attempt to prove the difficulty of his theoretical system to achieve logical perfection.In the background of the first three parts,the fourth part discusses Kant's contribution to this: to discover the innate comprehensive judgment,to construct metaphysics,to finally save Newton's empiricism and the great achievements and far-reaching influence of his own philosophy.