The Study Of The Medium And Small-scale Tombs Of Western Han Dynasdty In Guanzhong Area

This paper study the medium and small-scale tombs of Western Han Dynasty in the area of Guanzhong, which divide into 6 parts totally.Preface in the preface, this paper introduces the space-time range, present situation of archaeological work and the existent problems.The word "Guanzhong" is seen in strategies of the Warring states ?strategies of Qin, which is the earliest time. For a long time , "Guanzhong" is an indefinite concept, the area of "Guanzhong" this paper refered include the area of Wei river plain where is west to Hangu, east to mountains of Gansu, north to Qinling Mountains, and south to the loess plateau, that is the so-called area of "the Plain of Guanzhong" . "Guanzhong" is the central region of Qin culture, but following the extinction of Qin empire and the foundation of Han empire, the cultural appearance of this area has changed greatly. Therefore, to study the archaeology cultural appearance of Western Han Dynasty in this area, is helpful for us to know Chinese culture' s forming process and its later development, change in this area, after the foundation of the people republic of china, with the deeper development of archaeology work, people have discovered plenty of tombs of Western Han Dynasty in the area of "Guanzhong" , and published some bulletins and reports, which offer the possibility for us to study the archaeology cultural appearance reflected from these tombs.The first part of the paper:Structure of the tombs, buried utensils and burial customsAmong the Studies on tombs' s structure of Han dynasty in "Guanzhong" ,Ning Houbin' s is most detailed. But with the publication of new materials in recent years, it is necessary to do some supplements. This paper divides the medium and small tombs of Western Han Dynasty in the area of "Guanzhong" into two big kinds:shaft tombs with pit, and horizontal catacomb, shaft tombs with pit can furtherly divide into five types, and horizontal catacomb also can divide into two types: cave-chamber tomb and brick-chambered tomb.The buried utensils of the medium and small-scale tombs of Western Han Dynasty in Guanzhong are various, including singlecoffin, one coffin with one outer coffin, one coffin with one outer coffin and one frame , one coffin with two outer coffins ( besides, there are side case or foot case in some tombs) etc. they are all wooden buried utensils. Dark or red lacquer is mostly painted on the coffin and outer coffin of these two kind buried utensils: one coffin with one outer coffin, and one coffin with two outer coffins, single coffin is also painted dark lacquer, too, but not all. additionally, there are some pottery coffins and tile coffins etc. which are buried utensils of children' s tombs.The burial customs of most clear tombs is extended supine position burial, except that in the early stage of Western Han Dynasty there existed the burial customs of fixed burial in few individual tombs.The second part of the paper:the typology analysis and the position of burial potteryIn this part, the unearthed pottery of the medium and small-scale tombs of Western Han Dynasty in Guanzhong is divided into types and the location of different burial accessories in the tombs are introduced at the same time.The third part of the paper:stage, times and sub-zone of the grave.Based on research of typology, the medium and small-scale tombs of Western Han dynasty in Guanzhong are divided into three stages:the first stage is the early period of Western Han dynasty, which was approximately equivalent to the period from the dynasty' s foundation to the time when emperors Wen and Jing govern the country; the second stage is the middle period of Western Han dynasty, which was approximately equivalent to the time when emperors Wu and Zhao and Xuan govern the country; the third stage is the later period of Western Han dynasty, which was approximately equivalent to the time when emperors Yuan, Cheng, Ai, Ping and Wang Mang govern the country.According to the concentration degree of discovered tombs and the differences demonstrated in...