On The Punishment Of Illegal Actions Against Official Documents In Zhangjiashan Bamboo Slips | Posted on:2005-10-17 | Degree:Master | Type:Thesis | Country:China | Candidate:W R Zhong | Full Text:PDF | GTID:2155360122499232 | Subject:Historical philology | Abstract/Summary: | PDF Full Text Request | Official documents are tools by which autocratic centralization of authorities effectively dominated political, economical and cultural issues and insured the operation of bureaucracy systems. For official documents' special functions, illegal ones often were born from various destinations and so was it in the early of Han Dynasty. Then how did the governments at that time deal with those problems? Because for a long time the historical materials in relation to this issue were scared, no further studies had been made. However, the possibilities of study appear, for the Zhangjiashan bamboo slips unearthed, of which, the two-year laws and decrees and the book of Zouyan contain how to punish the illegal actions of official documents that are never read in other books handed down from ancient times. The contents are analyzed in the measure cooperating historical ancient documents and laws of Han Dynasty, to discover the disciplines hidden in the contents, which help understand the political institutions, expand the study field of ancient documents and laws of Han Dynasty. So the thesis is written.In order to study and research, the author, firstly as the ancient documents did, divide the illegal actions in official documents from the Zhangjiashan bamboo slips into ones in the process of making, passing , operating and managing .Part â… : Introduction to punishments of illegal actions in the process of official documents made. In this process, the major illegal actions: false documents and imperial, official seals. The former has two categories: false documents for emperor and general officers. Their related punishment is called " the cutting waist". The latter also two: the change of documents and the concealment of the truth. Those who committed the first case would be punished to defend the state for male or pick the corns for female all days(called jing wei cheng dan chong) and those who made the second would be done to shave his moustache then as the first did(called wan wei cheng dan chong ). Those who made false imperial seal would be sentenced to be cut their waists (called yao zhan), and those who did official ones would be done to be abandoned in market(called qi shi).Part â…¡: Introduction to punishments of illegal actions in the process of passing official documents. The official documents of Han Dynasty were all sealed before handed out , if someone destroyed the seals , he or she would be punished to become a slave or concubine . Those who without being allowed , changed official documents , would be fined four liangs of gold . Those who kept the official document overtime, would be , according to different situations , fined , cut or would labor or lose that.Part â…¢: Introduce the punishments of illegal actions in using and managing official documents. Those who lost official documents would be fined two liangs of gold. Those who stole ones would be judged to submission . Except for the management and passing of official documents , it was every-day management , which was very strict, judging from bamboo slips, in which those who disobey the rules of official documents would be fined four liangs of gold and those who didn't accord to the rules of sub-copy, measured by the loss caused from his actions , would be judged " stealer"Part â…£: On the basis of the first three chapters , principles concerning about how to punish the illegal actions of official documents, will be deduced : to stick up imperial rights, to use either judgment or fine and to distinguish the various causes and results. It was the inevitable requirement in the autocratic feudalism society to maintain the imperial rights, which was followed in the punishments of illegal actions of official documents, so whose who overrode emperors ' rights would be punished seriously and strictly . The principle of using judgment and fine was characterized by not accumulation of crimes but annexation of ones , that is , the final punishment was decided in accord with the most serious criminal action ; the one of different punishm...
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