The Game Ritual And Symbol Attached To The Background Of Situational Ethics--The Case Research On Gentry And Peasant's Social Life In The Middle And Later Period Of Manchu Dynasty

The thesis is the case research about gentry and peasant's social life in the middle and later period of Manchu Dynasty. The author thinks it is not opposite and there is no conflict between the tradition and modernity. There exists inherent unity and continuity which performances a kind of inherit relation. We must commence to master the social" prototype" of China if we Want to understand the social" inherent identity" of China in now with an objective and complete cognition . In another word ,we can found the social characteristic of china with the help of the clues from tradition to modern this. This text try to proceed to reappear the social fact and social phenomena through the case research and analyze from the angle of the sociology . Therefore, the initial principle that the author selects case is there must be enough representative, then the next principle in order is the case we picked to re-appear and analyze should reflect more and more ample social fact and social process . In the case one, the author depicts and analyzes the gentry 's life world and spiritual world from follow three aspects: the strategy that showing off and symbolic capital, depth game, ethics and game; But in the case two which study the peasant's livelihood , the author analyzes family construction, economy and social status and usual conflicts with the manner of deep depict analysis. In addition the author gives a committing suicide behavior a point investigate. Author pays attention to analyze synthetically the faith construction, thinking habit and characteristics of the suicide from the angle of ritual and symbol .There are primarily process research and comparative research in material handling of case . the author try to involve the traditional social life fields of gentry and peasants widely. Which as follows: the structure of Personal level, the structure of community level, the structure of social construction level and the structure of culture level. In studying the method, this text mainly is a case research which makes use of second-hand heritage data , to say accurately ,it different from the analysis of primitive data . the main angle of view we takes is a " micro- progress" research which point the research of tiny things in usual life . To handle the case materials , we try to make use of the process/ affairs method to reword and analyze it . After the process research of case materials , we gives a preparative study and synthetic analysis through macro view . Concerning specific hermeneutic method, we insist the cross usage of case-type and rule- type which not only explains cases but also repairs with each other . The author proceeds and reappears the case from the angle of inner division about gentry stratum and the independent characteristics of peasant 's livelihood .The case research demonstrates that either gentry or peasant 's daily life is all placed in a kind of ethical scenario and is given an ethical supervision and control to some extent in traditional Chinese society , while those ethical supervision and control is so different from each other through comparative research .This kind of ethical supervision and control agrees with the characteristic of" hierarchical inclusion" in traditional Chinese society each other , as a result , its strength has the very big difference on above two stratums and their inner parts. Two of the social behavior all has the symbolic meanings, some of it can be expressed in behavioral form of ritual some times .It is worthy of remark that there exists difference of being conscious and inconscious to thus ethical supervision and control .That is to say , the class of gentry is aware of it but not for peasants .As the consequence of inner diversion of " great tradition" , the class of gentry who has no power of govern but actually being as remarkable elites can not only act consciously but also has reasonable recognition to those ethical supervision and control which be set in background of certain ethical scenario . And usually they adopt the skillful...