The Subjectivity Characteristics Of Practice And The Man's Overall And Free Development

Although the past twenty years of China was a very short stage in history, it was of profound significance. We can say that it transformed poverty into prosperity. Marx once had said that any true philosophy is the essence of its spirit of the time. The great change of society and history has helped to bring about the philosophy theory to be flourishing as never before. Ever since the discussion of truth criterion, there have been seven important philosophy discussions and the flowers in blossom of branch philosophy, all of which were around the core of practice-man and have composed a new chapter of Marxist philosophy. Nowadays, the opinion of practice has aroused such deep and widespread discussion that had never happened before with regard to the theory aspect. At the same time, on the side of real life, there was not any time that had made the most use of characteristics of man, such as consciousness, action for one's own, activity and creation, even the freedom and will. In this essay, we try to explain practice again and look it as the cornerstone of our theory. We try to discuss the characteristics which have displayed and obtained in his actions, and more important, the free overall development of man under the market-oriented economy. So the paper includes three parts.Part one: The theme of the modern western philosophy is epistemology, that is to say, the identity of subject and object, thinking and being. The establishment of subjectivity principle was originated from Descartes, who discussed the reason and free will. After that, subjectivity was further displayed in classical German philosophy. It was embodied not only in Kant's thought that the intellect was the law-giver of nature and that the person was a purpose but not a means, but also in the fact that Fichte discussed the freedom and will deeply. On the contrary, the subjectivity was rigidly controlled and confined by inevitability. It was embodied in the mechanical materialism. Decartes thought that man was a machine and Holbach emphasized the inevitability excessively but denied the free will of man. So the probe of subjectivity in modern western philosophy was in an antinomy state of appearance and display.Part two: It was Marxist philosophy that solved the problem of subjectivity scientifically and reasonably. In his Theses on Feuerbach and other typical works, he criticized the thought of subjectivity in modern western philosophy. He criticized intuitive materialism represented by Feuerbach and abstract spiritual subjectivity of speculative idealism represented by Hegel, through which he not only stressed the establishment of subjectivity principle but also argued that it should be based onpractice. After he developed what was useful and discarded what was not, Marx constructed the subjectivity principle, which was based on practice and was developed through the concrete and historical practice action of human being. So the solution of subjectivity mystery benefited from the new materialism philosophy and the implementation of practice opinion completely. In the past, we only looked upon practice as the cornerstone of epistemology and mainly studied it as a category of epistemology with regard to the first and basic concept of Marxist philosophy. But we thought that we should enlarge and extend the domain of practice again. The subjectivity characteristics of practice were a new angle of view. Marxist philosophy deemed persistently that subjectivity was property of man in his action and the interaction of subject and object, through which the characteristics of consciousness, independence, activity and creation were obtained and developed. It included four aspects. Firstly, subject was man who engaged in concrete action in his real life. Secondly, the subject obtained his value from consciousness and action for one's own. Thirdly, the activity and creation of subject were the essential characteristics. Fourthly, the realization of freedom and will were the intrinsic property of man.Part three: The four characteristics...