The Study Of The Human Rights Group And Human Rights Movement In The Modern History Of China

The Human Rights Group whose core was Hu Shih set a human rights movement whose object was asking for human rights and rule of law from the end of 20's to the beginning 30's of 20th century. They criticized sharply dictatorship of the Kuomintang. And valuably, they expressed a profound agree to humane and civilized modern life style. It was an important page of Chinese modern history.The paper is developed into four major parts:The first part generalizes historical background of human right movement's rise. Jiangjie-shi Government carried out dictatorship ruling. It mainly showed: they practised culture autocratism, the Kuomintang taking the place of government, military power placing itself above party's leadership. These were unacceptable to Human Rights Group. Because they were some liberal intellectual that they looked forward to modern democratic politics. Meanwhile Xinyue magazine and Pingshe prepared conditions for that the Human Rights Group carried out the human rights movement.The second part presents main ideological and political proposition of the Hunan Rights Group as follows: demanded guaranteeing human rights, opposed trampling on it with the name of state and law; demanded democracy, was against party ruling and training of the Kuomintang; demanded rule of law and constitution, criticized Provisional Constitution of Training period; demanded the freedom of thoughts and speech, opposed unifying thinking; standed for Technocracy, opposed politics of army man and spoil; maintained peaceful and evolutionary reform, opposed violent revolution; criticized communism, advanced methods to deal with the Communist Party of China.The third part simply analyses and appraises Human Rights Group'spolitical thoughts. They had deep view on fundamental meaning and nature of human rights and relations between it and state. This provides theorical resources for that we better ensure and develop human rights. In their view of rule of law, they emphasized government should first observe law. It is a very correct and rare opinion. But it had a serious defect: they only payed attention to legal form, and ignored or neglected a fundamental condition that people must control power. Their stand of Spoil System has all kinds of shortcomings, but has certain progressive significance of history at that time and modern significance. Their revelation of value about freedom of thoughts and speech is roughly accurate. They thought law shouldn't limit freedom of speech, but it is very understandable and has certain progressive significance of history at that time.The fourth part analyses failing causes of human rights movement. First, Human Rights Group's stand of social transformation didn't accord with historical requirement then. Second, their way of activity had strong colour of college and flavour of the confucianists. Third, their social foundation was weak; the Kuomintang practised rude oppression to them; they also didn't get support from all kinds of political force that included the Communist Party of China. Finally, international environment at that time was that fascist's force rose and modern democratic institution encountered setback; domestic environment was tangled fighting between warlords first and was that Jingjie-shi further established military- dictatorial regime later, national subsist also faced with Japanese threat at the same time.