The First Study Of Philanthropies In The Region Of Guihua And Tumote In Qing Dynasty

At the first year of emperor Qianlong ,the region of Guihua and Tumote emerged clear record of philanthropy, then philanthropies gradually developed. According to function, they can divine three part: philanthropic school , philanthropic grave , philanthropic house.Analyzing reason of the philanthropies emergence and development , writer found the following factors: first of all , in order to firming the border area of the north China, emperors actively encouraged the development .The second , local officials set good example and formulated the pattern of "getting interest from lending money to merchants" to manage the philanthropies which is the major reason .The last, transformation of economic pattern in local provided a good environment for the development ,and foreign churches objectively pushed the development.The philanthropies' scales and quantities were small, and the quality was poor .they were ornaments of politics. But they also helped poverty-stricken people and stabilized the society ,as well as promoted the development of handicraft and commerce.