The Research On Trend Of Specialization Of Diplomacy In The Late Qing Dynasty

Specialization of diplomacy, the characteristic of modern diplomacy, consists of specificity of diplomatic organ and specialization of diplomats. The thesis does some research on the origin of problem of specialization of diplomacy, the formation of trend of specialization of diplomacy and the influence of trend of specialization in the late Qing Dynasty.During the Opium War, when the relationship between China and the West reversed completely, the Qing Dynasty authorities paid a high price for non-specialization of diplomacy.Until after the Second Opium War, with the relationship between China and the West being more and more inseparable and the change of the ruling class's attitude towards the externals, trend of specialization in the late Qing Dynasty formed slowly. The thesis analyzes the trend divided into two: not only investigates the reflection of the trend, that is the establishment of Premier Government and embassies in foreign countries, the formulation of the diplomatic bureaucratic and the training of diplomats; but also points out the insufficient of the trend, that is the non- specificity of Premier Government and the colony of specialized diplomats failing to emerge in the late Qing Dynasty.Correspondingly, specialization of diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty had double influence on the diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty .On one hand the diplomacy had partly change comparing with the diplomacy during the two Opium Wars, on the other hand the insufficient of the specialization of diplomacy led to some problems.To conclude, the thesis makes it clear: the formation of trend of specialization of diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty was inexorable, which was under control of the condition of the times and the society. In fact, it was the first stage of modernization of Chinese diplomacy.