Nanking National Government's Countermeasures Against Tsinan Incident In 1928

Tsinan Incident was not only the prelude and the start of Japan's large-scale aggression against China but also the first abrupt incident concerning foreign affairs in the face of Nanking National Government, which broke the relatively steady relations between China and Japan and changed it greatly. This essay explores Tsinan Incident from the angle of crisis countermeasures, inspects National Governmen's countermeasures comprehensively for drawing experience and lessons which based on balancing the advantages and disadvantages, deepening the re-understanding of the interrelations between China and Japan at the end of 1920s, supplying a gap, resurveying something that seems familiar and clear but can not be canvassed and considered, restoring history the furthest. It expatiates mainly on two problems, one of which is about National Governmen's countermeasures of avoiding Japanese troops being dispatched to Shantung and avoiding the conflict between Chinese and Japanese troops shortly before Tsinan Incident. Faced to the fact that Japanese troops had been dispatched to Shantung, National Government in inferior position took some measures, such as, protesting strongly, carrying on diplomatic negotiations and so on. However, it had to take the fact that Japanese troops garrisoned Shantung because it had paid chief attention to bearing down its domestic political opponents. The other is about the temporary measures which Jiang Kai-shik and other generals at the front took to meet an emergency and National Government's comprehensive policy adjustments soon after this incident. Generals at the front and National Government came to agreement about the tactic centered on Northern Expedition and brought it into effect. National Government's comprehensive and meticulous countermeasures took certain effect, nevertheless its strategy of valuing interior more than external offered an opportunity for Japan to take advantage of. Furthermore, the inequality in strength of the two parties destined that National Government's great achievement was out of the question. The final result of Tsinan Incident turned out to be that Japanese troops withdrew unconditionally and so-called Enquiry Committee was set up. The situation seemed calm but brewed new conjuncture.