On Policy Of The Two Major Parties Towards The Intermediate Strata In The Anti-Japanese War

During the Anti-Japanese War, there was an active group of political power -the intermediate strata in Chinese politics besides the Central Communist Party(the CCP) and the Kuomintang(the KMT),which were between workers, peasants and urban petty bourgeoisie (led by the CCP ) and the diehards (represented by the KMT's big landlords and big bourgeoisie) .Although they were wavering, they made contributions to the Anti-Japanese War with its special social status and unique function, being the object won by the two major parties. As part of their domestic policies, researches on policies towards intermediate strata are important in the history about relations between the CCP and the KMT. However, studies on this aspect are comparatively weak, especially about comparisons of the detailed policies of the two major parties. Therefore, it is very necessary to study.Based on Marxist historical materialism, the paper, by means of the method combining historical events with theories, discusses the policies of the two major parties towards the intermediate strata in the Anti-Japanese War in three chapters, involving the premises of formulating policies, the development, similarities and differences, analysis of cause, influences of the policy towards the intermediate strata and so on. And also this paper shows objective analysis that the changes and the causes of the relations between the intermediate strata and the two major parties, therefore, it presents comprehensive understanding of how the two major parties handle their relations with the intermediate strata, including three chapters.Chapter one is mainly about premises of formulating policies on the intermediate strata made by the CCP and the KMT, namely, the characteristics of the intermediate strata and its importance in the New Democratic Revolution and the Anti-Japanese War. However, limited by the vacillation, the intermediate strata is still an important force in the Anti- Japanese War, which exhibits as followings : the first, after the war broke out ,they united to fight against Japanese to save the country; the second, they advocated Democratic Constitution Movement twice in order to pursue the anti-Japanese War Democracy; at last, they bridged a bridge to protect anti-Japanese national united front in order to expand their own power, and became a "vital weight"between the two major parties. Practice has already showed that those, who can gain support from the intermediate strata, can win the victory of the revolution. In order to realize their respective ideas in building a new nation, the CCP and the KMT both founded it necessary to get support from the intermediate strata, and made corresponding stragies.Chapter two respectively states the similarities and differences of the policies towards the intermediate strata of the two major parties, and also analyzes the causes which lead to those similarities and differences. Analysis indicates that although policies towards the intermediate strata accomplished the shift of policy, implied the purpose of anti-Japan, and snared so many similarities in means and methods in implementing policies, to large extent, it showed in the form of antagonism. Specially speaking, the differences are in the following ways: class nature represented by the policies, means of policies implementation, understanding of the intermediate strata, direct practical effect of policies operation, characteristics of shift in policies changing, and so on. The intensified contradictions between tow nations, patriotism, international and national factors determined the two major parties had to perform the policy allying with the intermediate strata. Meanwhile, co-existence of class contradictions, two sharply contrastive anti-Japanese line, individual characteristics of the intermediate strata and differences of historical origin, etc., determined the discrepancy in the two major parties'policies.Chapter three remarks two sharply contrastive policies greatly influenced the relations between the intermediate strata and the CCP and the KMT, and the trend of Chinese political situation. Although, at the outset of the war, the KMT's reformist policies were approved unanimously by the intermediate strata, with the development of anti-Japanese campaign, the intermediate strata's attitude towards the KMT changed from advocacy, disappointment, illusion to firm protect, and it also changed in policies and allied in organizations. Meanwhile, more the former KMT members became independent on the original organization. In the perspective of practice, firstly, the CCP gradually gained the intermediate strata's understanding, sympathy and support. Secondly, the policies made huge contributions to the enlargement of the CCP and the intermediate strata and further cooperation. At the same time, it made great impact on the winning support -during the process of the Anti-Japanese War and the New Democratic Revolution. In the perspective of theory, firstly, the CCP had made great...